1. THE GOLDEN AGE OF AVIATION

2. Flying the Atlantic Advances in Aviation Commercial Aviation General Aviation Aeronautics – Research Centers and Progress Flying the Atlantic Advances in Aviation Commercial Aviation General Aviation Aeronautics – Research Centers and Progress OVERVIEW

3. First Transatlantic Crossing –First natural barrier challenged was the Atlantic Ocean May 1919, US Navy made the first attempt at a transatlantic crossing, flying 3 new Curtiss flying boats New York, Newfoundland, Azores, Portugal 1,200 miles of open water, navy ship every 50 miles Radio, rockets, searchlights to guide the way 26 hours, 45 minutes; 15 hours, 18 minutes Nonstop Transatlantic Crossing –London Daily Mail (newspaper) offered $50,000, 72 hours –June 1919, Newfoundland to Ireland, 16 hours, 12 minutes First Transatlantic Crossing –First natural barrier challenged was the Atlantic Ocean May 1919, US Navy made the first attempt at a transatlantic crossing, flying 3 new Curtiss flying boats New York, Newfoundland, Azores, Portugal 1,200 miles of open water, navy ship every 50 miles Radio, rockets, searchlights to guide the way 26 hours, 45 minutes; 15 hours, 18 minutes Nonstop Transatlantic Crossing –London Daily Mail (newspaper) offered $50,000, 72 hours –June 1919, Newfoundland to Ireland, 16 hours, 12 minutes FLYING THE ATLANTIC

4. –Barnstormers Air Shows, flying exhibitions, rides, etc. War-surplus aircraft and pilots County fairs, carnivals, etc. –Charles Lindbergh (text 2-43 to 2-46) Barnstormer, wing walker, one 30 minute lesson before solo, 1922 Air mail pilot, 1925 $25,000 prize, New York to Paris nonstop San Diego to St Louis, 21 hours, 20 minutes In May 1927, 3,600 miles, 33 hours, 30 minutes –Amelia Earhart (text 2-54 to 2-60) Nurse, student, first flight in 1921 Rode across the Atlantic, June 1928 First transcontinental flight in autogiro Tried to fly around the world at equator, 1937 (1964) Fate unknown –Barnstormers Air Shows, flying exhibitions, rides, etc. War-surplus aircraft and pilots County fairs, carnivals, etc. –Charles Lindbergh (text 2-43 to 2-46) Barnstormer, wing walker, one 30 minute lesson before solo, 1922 Air mail pilot, 1925 $25,000 prize, New York to Paris nonstop San Diego to St Louis, 21 hours, 20 minutes In May 1927, 3,600 miles, 33 hours, 30 minutes –Amelia Earhart (text 2-54 to 2-60) Nurse, student, first flight in 1921 Rode across the Atlantic, June 1928 First transcontinental flight in autogiro Tried to fly around the world at equator, 1937 (1964) Fate unknown ADVANCES IN AVIATION

5. –Air Mail May 1918, army pilots, New York to Chicago 1920, extended to San Francisco Originally could not compete with trains Night flights (1924) w/ bonfires, beacons, emergency fields, landing/navigation lights on planes Military to Civilian, 1925 –Legislation Air Mail Act, 1925 –Post Office to contract with commercial carriers Air Commerce Act, 1926 –Safety regulations, licenses, air traffic rules, navigational facilities, map airways, investigate accidents Air Mail Act, 1934 and 1938 –Air Mail May 1918, army pilots, New York to Chicago 1920, extended to San Francisco Originally could not compete with trains Night flights (1924) w/ bonfires, beacons, emergency fields, landing/navigation lights on planes Military to Civilian, 1925 –Legislation Air Mail Act, 1925 –Post Office to contract with commercial carriers Air Commerce Act, 1926 –Safety regulations, licenses, air traffic rules, navigational facilities, map airways, investigate accidents Air Mail Act, 1934 and 1938 Commercial Aviation after World War I

6. –Passenger Service By 1930, passenger flights across country, 48 hours, $352 Today, 5 hours or less and half the price Bonus paid for multiengine aircraft w/ latest instruments –Subsidy to carry passengers By 1930, 150 companies with as many different planes –Seaplanes Pan American Clippers, island to island in Caribbean, then Central America and down Atlantic coast of South America China Clippers, Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam, Manila, Hong Kong Yankee Clippers, only 6, government service during WWII –Passenger Service By 1930, passenger flights across country, 48 hours, $352 Today, 5 hours or less and half the price Bonus paid for multiengine aircraft w/ latest instruments –Subsidy to carry passengers By 1930, 150 companies with as many different planes –Seaplanes Pan American Clippers, island to island in Caribbean, then Central America and down Atlantic coast of South America China Clippers, Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam, Manila, Hong Kong Yankee Clippers, only 6, government service during WWII Commercial Aviation after World War I

7. –Rigid Airships Germans flew dirigibles or “Zeppelins” between the wars US Navy built Shenandoah, 1923, public relations Goodyear built Akron, 1931; Macon, 1933 Today there are a number of nonrigid “blimps”, publicity and sporting events –Rigid Airships Germans flew dirigibles or “Zeppelins” between the wars US Navy built Shenandoah, 1923, public relations Goodyear built Akron, 1931; Macon, 1933 Today there are a number of nonrigid “blimps”, publicity and sporting events Commercial Aviation after World War I

8. –Air Races of this Era Very popular and incentive for better/faster airplanes National Air Races, 10 days, 1 M+, famous names –The Ninety-Nines Women’s professional/social organization of female pilots, 1929; suggested aerial markings, 1936 –Air Racing Today National Air Races; Reno, Nevada –Air Races of this Era Very popular and incentive for better/faster airplanes National Air Races, 10 days, 1 M+, famous names –The Ninety-Nines Women’s professional/social organization of female pilots, 1929; suggested aerial markings, 1936 –Air Racing Today National Air Races; Reno, Nevada GENERAL AVIATION: A BEGINNING

9. –The Science of Aeronautics between wars Monoplane, more efficient wing shapes and cowlings, pressurized cabins, retractable landing gear, air-cooled radial engines, wing flaps to increase lift and allow slower takeoff and landing speeds –Rotary – Wing Progress Autogiro, 1923, Spanish Helicopter, 1937, German Igor Sikorsky, 1940 First military helicopter in WWII –Rocket and Jet Research Dr. Robert Goddard, liquid fueled rockets, 1926 Steering, pumping fuel, combustion chamber, nozzle Herman Oberth, German rocket program WWII –The Science of Aeronautics between wars Monoplane, more efficient wing shapes and cowlings, pressurized cabins, retractable landing gear, air-cooled radial engines, wing flaps to increase lift and allow slower takeoff and landing speeds –Rotary – Wing Progress Autogiro, 1923, Spanish Helicopter, 1937, German Igor Sikorsky, 1940 First military helicopter in WWII –Rocket and Jet Research Dr. Robert Goddard, liquid fueled rockets, 1926 Steering, pumping fuel, combustion chamber, nozzle Herman Oberth, German rocket program WWII AERONAUTICS – RESEARCH CENTERS and PROGRESS

10. Flying the Atlantic Aviation Accomplishments General Aviation–A Beginning Aeronautics–Research Centers and Progress Flying the Atlantic Aviation Accomplishments General Aviation–A Beginning Aeronautics–Research Centers and Progress CONCLUSION