1. Introduction to the Digital Darkroom JOHN KEZYS The Hubble Deep Field 2002 September 1 Credit: R. Williams, The HDF Team (STScI), NASA Explanation: Galaxies like colorful pieces of candy fill the Hubble Deep Field - one of humanity's most distant optical views of the Universe. The dimmest, some as faint as 30th magnitude (about four billion times fainter than stars visible to the unaided eye), are very distant galaxies and represent what the Universe looked like in the extreme past, perhaps less than one billion years after the Big Bang. To make the Deep Field image, astronomers selected an uncluttered area of the sky in the constellation Ursa Major (the Big Bear) and pointed the Hubble Space Telescope at a single spot for 10 days accumulating and combining many separate exposures. With each additional exposure, fainter objects were revealed. The final result has been used to explore the mysteries of galaxy evolution and the infant Universe. INTRODUCTION TO THE DIGITAL DARKROOM

3. Mariner 4 TV Image The spacecraft had a television camera, which took 22 television pictures covering about 1% of the planet. These pictures took four days to transmit to Earth. Heavily cratered area in Memnonia Fossae on Mars

4. Willard Boyle and George Smith developed the first CCD camera at Bell Labs in 1974. The First CCD Camera

5. Photography Vs. CCD Imaging film records only 0.5% of the light CCDs are 90% quantum efficient - astronomers would require 45 minutes of exposure time with film while the same results can be had with 15 second exposure using a CCD camera

8. Photography Vs. CCD Imaging film records only 0.5% of the light film is prone to reciprocity failure CCDs are 90% quantum efficient CCDs are highly linear - lengthy exposure times cause photographic film to lose contrast and there are colour shifts

9. Photography Vs. CCD Imaging film records only 0.5% of the light film is prone to reciprocity failure most films are sensitive to only visible wavelengths CCDs are 90% quantum efficient CCDs are highly linear CCDs are sensitive to a much wider wavelength range

10. Pictures are Numbers pixel values of the top left corner each pixel is defined by an 8 bit binary number and it can take on one of 2 8 or 256 grey scale values 0 value is black 255 value is white

11. GRAPHIC IMAGE FILE Bit Depth Determines Image Detail - the larger the bit depth or word size the more graduated the grey scale and the finer the image detail

12. Bit Depth 1 bit2 bit 3 bit 4 bit

13. Colour Imaging Bayer Pattern for Colour CCD Array A 24 bit colour depth refers to 8 bit allocation to Red, Green and Blue channels

14. CX161 Ultra-compact CCD Colour Board Camera Less Than 1" Square CCD Camera Technology Sinar p3 View Camera

15. http://spinroot.com/pico/ LAB 4: Image Processing

16. Only From Photoshop

18. GRAPHIC IMAGE FILE - the computer industry supports an insane number of graphic file formats.... TIFF, PCX, GIF, GEM, TARGA, BMP, JPEG, FITS, PIC, CDX, WPG, CDR, PCL, DXF, EPS, RIFF, SGI, CGM........

19. The KAF-16801 is designed to meet the demanding requirements of the studio and high-end digital camera marketplace. Its 16.6 million (4080 x 4080) pixel array represents an unprecedented leap in CCD resolution. The device incorporates a 9 micron pixel architecture with integral color filter array and is packaged in a 34-pin DIP ceramic package. Studio photographers in the professional market demand uncompromising image quality. The KAF-16801CE, with its ultra-high resolution and large pixel size, meets their requirements by providing superior dynamic range and low noise. The result is stunning digital images with exceptional sharpness. $3500 US in quantities of 1000

20. The Mariner mission produced fuzzy images which were yhe basis of the first intensive application of image processing algorithms. The image was taken from 12,600 km and covers 250 km by 254 km. North is up. first pictures of the martian surface. flew by Mars on July 14 and 15, 1965. Imaging with a vidicon camera of 22 images where each image took 4 days to transmit. First evidence of craters

21. QUANTUM EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS SENSORS

22. Charged Coupled Device Chip

23. new[r,a] = einstein[sqrt(r x R),a]

24. How many pixels does it take for a CCD to outperform 35mm film? December 2002 - the Canon EOS-1Ds raises resolution to 11 megapixels. $9,000 at Henry’s the eye is 120 megapixel camera

25. How many pixels does it take for a CCD to outperform 35mm film? World's first digital SLR that can prove its images are unaltered, original files. The CCD chip captures a full 35 mm frame.