1. Automated Speed Adaptation Gaurab Bhowmick Department of Mechanical Engineering 5 th Semester, 3 rd Year Dr. Sudhir Chandra Sur Degree Engineering College West-Bengal University of Technology Kolkata

2. Project Overview Automatic speed control based on the use of universally fixed set frequencies. Automated reduction of speed depending on different speed zones, reducing accidents and damage to properties. ISA is already being tested in USA, SWEDEN. This frequency based system is presently implemented in WR & CR. Cost of installation is very cheap.

3. Current Status & Types Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA), is a system that constantly monitors vehicle speed and the local speed limit on a road and implements an action when the vehicle is detected to be exceeding the posted speed limit. o Two types : 1. Passive system 2. Active system o GPS receiver based system o Radio beacon based o Radio transmitter based on the AWS (Auxiliary Warning System) implemented on EMUs in WR & CR

4. Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) System automatically monitors speed of vehicles based on speed zones. Uses information about the road on which the vehicle travels to make decisions about what the correct speed to be. Information can be obtained from use of digital maps, common databases, GPS etc. Passive system : It simply warns the driver of the vehicle travelling at a speed excess of the speed limit posted. Active system : It automatically intervenes and correct the vehicle’s speed according to the posted speed limit of the zone.

5. Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA)

6. GPS based ISA GPS is based on a network of satellites that constantly transmit radio signals. Receiver picks up these transmissions and compare the signals from several satellites in order to pinpoint the receiver’s location to within a few meters. There are currently 24 satellites making up the GPS network, and their orbits are configured so that a minimum of five satellites are available at any one time for terrestrial users. Four satellites is the minimum number of satellites required to determine a precise three- dimensional position.

7. GPS based ISA Disadvantages: Due to satellites' ephemeris uncertainties, propagation errors, timing errors, multiple signal propagation path, and receiver noises, the position given can be inaccurate. When the car is inside a tunnel, the signal is impossible to catch. GPS must be linked to a detailed digital map containing information about the local speed limits, schools etc. Cost of GPS device is very high.

8. Radio Beacon Based The present one in testing continuously transmits data that the receiver in the car picks as it passes each beacon. Transmitted data contains information about the speed limit of that zone, traffic warnings, school warnings and other warnings. If sufficient numbers of beacons were used and were placed at regular intervals, they could calculate vehicle speed based on how many beacons the vehicle passed per second. Mobile beacons could be deployed in order to override fixed beacons. Beacons could be linked to a main computer so that quick changes could be made.

9. Radio Beacon Based Disadvantages : These has to be connected to computers so that they can be programmed accordingly. A common database has to be made thus increasing cost. All the information for a particular zone has to be initially fed into the database, thus requires man power increasing cost. Cost of these radio beacon are high.

10. Timeline

11. Frequency Based Speed Control Like the technical data transmitted in radio beacon, so instead of transmitting data if we can use fixed radio frequency for individual speed limit. For example, for 40km/h limit, 400 kHz frequency can be used. There will be a Universal fixed range of frequency for different speed limit. The car computer will be programmed according to the universally accepted frequency band. Car receiver after receiving the signal sends the feed to the car computer which then analyses the signal.

12. Frequency Based Speed Control After analysing the data, it compares the vehicle speed with the posted speed limit, if it is within the limit no action is taken. If the speed of the vehicle is above the posted limit initially it gives a verbal warning of over speeding to the driver for 2-3 seconds. If no action is taken by the driver it automatically reduces the vehicle speed by reducing the fuel flow to the engine. Car Computer 40kmph limit zone signal 70 Gives audio warning Reduces fuel flow

13. Frequency Based Speed Control There will be a small range transmitter installed along with the car which will continuously transmit the range of frequencies to the receiver. If the driver installs jammer to stop the use of system from operating, the signal flow will be stopped and sensed by the receiver which will instruct the car computer to stop the engine and bring the vehicle to a halt. Transmitter Receiver Transmitter Receiver Jammer disrupts the signal

14. Frequency Based Speed Control There will be a National ASA helpline system. If in any case the driver or someone tries to tamper with the system, it will automatically with all the vehicle details send a shortwave signal to the National ASA helpline system. Later, police can track the vehicle down. Driver tries to Tamper National ASA Centre

15. Frequency Based Speed Control In any case, if the driver has to over speed the limit for a short period of time. It can be done by pressing the gas pedal after the resisting point (up to the floor) which will then temporarily disable the system and unlock the full power of the engine. Once the driver releases the gas pedal, it will again reactivate.

16. Frequency Based Speed Control This method can further be implemented on traffic signals. Used by Western Railway and Central Railway of India known as Auxiliary Warning System (AWS) which works on the same principle of radio frequency transmission. A receiver receives the signal which warns the driver about the signal state, if no action is taken it automatically takes the necessary action.

17. Frequency Based Speed Control To enhance more security against tampering the frequency bands used has to be confidential. The range of the transmitter will be of the road width because if range I more it can cause interference with other electronic objects. The by-default speed limit will be country specific. For e.g. in India, where there will not be any specific speed limit posted, the default speed limit will be 40km/h. The vehicle will not exceed this speed until it enters a specific speed zone. ( The default speed will vary according to the country and it’s laws).

18. Case Study Swedish National Road Administration conducted a large-scale trial involving Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) in urban areas. Several thousand vehicles were equipped with voluntary, supportive and informative systems to help keep drivers from exceeding the speed limit. The aim of the trial, which was conducted jointly by the Swedish National Road Administration and four Swedish municipalities, was to learn more about: - driver attitudes and how they use the systems, - the impact on road safety and the environment, - the integration of the systems in vehicles, and - the prospects for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) on a large scale.

19. Case Study Benefits: -Better road safety without increasing travel time, -If everyone had ISA, there could be 20-30% fewer road injuries in urban areas, -High acceptance of ISA, and after the trial most test drivers were of the opinion that ISA should be compulsory in urban areas, and - ISA vehicles were found to have a positive influence on surrounding traffic.

20. Case Study

21. Data Used GPS Local Database Ordinary Speed Meter Local Network

22. Dependencies and Resources Project Vendors Manufacturing Sales Engineering Remote Teams

23. Looking Ahead Practical testing of ASA. Surveying of market for cost estimation and management of ASA. Finding out faults and flaws of the proposed ASA. Testing and physical implementation of ASA in test vehicles and the required testing be done.

24. Conclusion Implementing Automated Speed adaptation will increase road safety. Cost of installation will be very low compared to other methods of ISA More effective speed control Less requirement of human labour. More automation and less faults. Follow of traffic rules.

25. Acknowledgement Dr. S.K. Sen (Principal, DSCSDEC) Dr. D.Pal (HOD, ME) Prof. Rahul Bhattacharjee (ME) Sweden Government. www.wikepedia.com www.google.co.in and it’s search engine. www.google.co.in Other website (Picture Courtesy) www.youtube.com KCE, SAE and DSCSDEC for their support.