2.  Thousands of years ago, many effects of brain disease & injuries were recorded  clues to inner workings  Today, electrical, chemical and/or magnetic stimulation to parts of brain (TECHNOLOGY!) allows us to measure & visually study brain

3.  1. medulla oblongata: heartbeat & breathing (nerve fibers crisscross to connect brain & body)  2. pons: brain activity during sleep  3. reticular activating system: runs length of the brain stem – alerts brain to stimulation & relays info, sleep, arousal, & attention

5.  cerebellum: “little brain” (extends from rear of brainstem) nonverbal learning, memory, balance, rapid-fire calculations for muscles, etc.  works w/the basal ganglia (gray matter) to control deliberate movement

7.  limbic system: emotions & motivations for basic needs, some memory processing, hormones amygdala: fear/aggression hypothalamus: maintenance – thirst/hunger, body temp, sexual behavior, autonomic nervous system hippocampus: process & create memory

8.  thalamus: hub or filter for all senses except smell  cerebral cortex: outermost covering of brain – intricate mass of neural cells held together by glial cells – info processing & adaptability

9.  parietal : touch/speech (Broca’s area)  occipital: vision  temporal: hearing  frontal: motor control, attention, planning

10.  motor cortex: (arch-shaped region at back of frontal lobe running from ear to ear) when stimulated, opposite side of body moves  message sender  sensory cortex: (just behind motor cortex) gets info from skin senses & movement of body parts  message recipient (SOMATOSENSORY)