1. Middle Ages

2. After the Fall The Decline Roman empire lead to an era called the Middle ages

3. Invasion affect in Europe Constant invasions and constant welfare lead to: – Disruption on trade – Downfall of cities – Population shift

4. Disruption on Trade Invasion cause a collapse in trading. Money became scarce

5. Downfall of cites Cities abandoned as centers of government

6. Population shift Nobles left cities and went to rural areas – City dwellers left with the leadership to grow their own food Population becomes mostly rural

7. Germanic invaders Could not read or write Different languages spring up Lived in small communities Family ties and personal loyalty made it hard to establish an orderly government

8. The church Most priests and church officials could read and write Churches provided stability during the Middle ages Their authority grew

9. Monasteries Monasteries- a religious community – Monks learned to read and write – Opened schools – Maintained libraries – Copied books Help spread Christianity

10. The Church authority Pope became secular leader – Secular- Worldy, power involved in politics – The entire western roman empire fell under the pope’s authority Spiritual kingdom

11. Feudalism

12. Feudal society Based on mutual obligations In exchange for military service a lord grants land (fief) to a vassal (a person receiving a fief) Control depended on the amount of land one controlled

13. Feudal System Kings Nobles (also priest) Knights Landless peasants

14. Feudal society Social classes well defined Born into the class Most people were serfs Could not lawfully leave the place they were born

15. Manor Manor-the lords estate Depended on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serf Self sufficient community

16. The Franks The Franks emerged as the leading force in Gaul

17. Clovis Clovis was their leader – Wife urged him to convert to Christianity – 496-in fighting against an another Germanic tribe Clovis appealed to the Christian god Wins Asked bishop to baptize his army

18. The Church Response The church in Rome welcomes Clovis conversion and supported his military campaigns Alliance between the Frankish kings and the church begins

19. Charlemagne 771 Charlemagne seized control of the Gaul kingdom – Conquered new lands (most of western Europe) – Becomes most powerful king in Europe

20. Charlemagne and the Church Went to Rome to crush an unruly mob that attacked the pope – Crowned Emperor The pope claimed political right to crown an emperor

21. Governing the Empire Limited the Nobles – Had Royal agents to make sure nobles govern their countries fairly Regularly visited every part of the kingdom

22. Cultural Revival Encouraged learning Opened school that were to train future monks and priest Built more churches Built roads to connect the empire

23. Germanic tribes migration

24. Anglos and the Saxons migrated from the continent of Europe to England Magyars migrated from Central Asia to Hungary – Captured people to sell as slaves Vikings migrated from Scandinavia to Russia – Worshiped war like gods – Raided places quickly

25. Bellringer Pull out reading packet Begin reading Chapter 14 sec 1 & 2

26. Agenda Reading Discussion Notes Book work

27. Late Middle Ages 1000’s spiritual revival happens throughout Europe – “Age of Faith” – Pope and religious leaders reform the Church – Church becomes stronger

28. The Crusades

29. Byzantine Emperor Alexius Commenis sent an appeal to Robert, Count of Flanders – Also gets read by Pope Urban II – Asked for help against the Muslim Turks – Urban II called for an “holy War” (Crusades)

30. Goal – Must gain control of the Holy land and Jerusalem!

31. Other Causes King and Church saw the crusades as an opportunity to get rib of the arguing Knights – Knights fighting each other – Threatened peace of kingdoms – Those who fought are called crusaders

32. THE FIRST CRUSADES

33. First Crusade Crusaders ill prepared – Did not know the Geography Climate Culture – Of the holy land

34. First Crusade cont. Has no Strategy Argued among themselves Captured Jerusalem In 1099 Set up for Crusader States around Jerusalem – Each ruled by a European noble

36. THE SECOND CRUSADES

37. Second Crusade States vulnerable to Muslim attacks Second crusade was to recapture Jerusalem City instead falls to the Muslim leader Saladin – Crusaders shocked!

39. AND…. ANOTHER CRUSADE (3 RD )

40. Third Crusades Try to recapture Jerusalem again. This time lead by three kings – England- Richard the Lion Hearted – France- Philip Augustus – German-Frederick I

41. Third Crusades cont. Richard and Saladin fought each other many times – Both ruthless fighters – Respected each other – Agreed to a truce Saladin promised to allow unarmed Christian pilgrims into the city

42. THE FOURTH CRUSADE!!!

43. Fourth Crusades Pope Innocent II appeals for another crusade to recapture Jerusalem – Knights end up looting the city of Constantinople – Causing the split in the Eastern and Western churches

44. EVEN MORE CRUSADE…..

45. Later Crusaders They were common and unsuccessful

46. The Effects Failures lessoned the power of the pope Weakened nobility Stimulated trade between Europe and southwest Asia Bitterness between Christians, Jews and Muslims Weakened the Byzantine Empire

47. Fall of Constantinople Crusaders weakened the city Eventually it fell to the Ottoman Turks – Ended the Byzantine Empire – Becomes the capital of the ottoman empire

49. Black Death 1/3 of the population died to the deadly disease known as the bubonic plague

50. Origins Began in Asia Came to Europe through trade Began in Italy before quickly spreading to France, Germany and Europe – Took 4 years to reach all of Europe – Killed 25 million in Europe

52. Effects Populations numbers fell in the towns and country side Trade declined – Prices rose Less people to work – Farmlands abandoned – Old manorial system crumbles – Serf left manors to find better wages – Church losses Prestige

53. Church Scholars Most who were able to read or write belonged to the church Scholars worked in monasteries where they translated Greek and Arabic into Latin

54. Bellringer Pull out reading packet and finish reading chapter 14 sec 3 &4

55. Agenda Finish book work Review Begin on study guide Homework: Study for test NEXT class

56. Middle Ages Review After the Roman Empire Split into two parts. The Eastern became known as the ________

57. The Western half of the Roman empire was invaded/attacked by __________________ who came from central Asia

58. ______________ came to a halt because of the invasions. Merchants no longer felt safe traveling from one city to another

59. _____________ became smaller as people moved out to the country side for protection

60. The following describes what system that developed during the Middle Ages

62. Other than the king who else held power? (more power than the kings?)

63. A ______________ was a person who is bond to the land. They work for the lord and in return the lord provides them with protection

64. Charles Martel defeated the __________ at the battle of the Tours, preventing Islam from spreading into Europe.

65. How did the monaries continue the Roman traditions?

66. What is a Crusade?

67. What was the goal of the crusades?

68. Who were crusaders?

69. Were the crusades successful?

70. What is a guild?

71. _________________ the conqueror invaded England in 1066

72. The 100 year war was between ____________ and _________________