1. More Than Fast, Reliable Fire Detection: Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Enables Fire Prevention and Fire Monitoring Speaker: Greg McElyea Americas Business Manager

2. AP Sensing Confidential
Outline...
Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished
AP Sensing Confidential

3. AP Sensing – Linear Heat Series Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
Fiber-optic Sensor Cable
for Temperature Sensing
Linear Heat Series
DTS Instrument
AP Sensing Confidential

4. Typical DTS System Setup
2 std. MM telecom fibers
Typical DTS System Setup
Stainless steel tube
Stainless steel wires
Metal Sensor Cable
FRNC Outer Sheath
FRNC Outer Sheath
Metal-free Sensor Cable
Polyamide Fibers
PC = Personal Computer with DTS Configurator
FP = Fire Panel or SCADA System
UPS = Uninterruptable Power Supply or Battery Package
DTS = Distributed Temperature Sensing instrument
2 std. MM telecom fibers
AP Sensing Confidential

5. DTS Measurement Technology
Zone concept enables different sections with different alarm criteria (sensitivity)
Up to 256 zones per sensor cable - configurable…
3 different alarm types, 5 different criteria per zone - programmable… 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
120
122
124
126
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
Temperature [°C]
Exeeding a
maximum
temperature
> 60 C
Distance [m]
Exeeding the average temperature by
> 15
> 15
avg. Temp
> 13
increase
within a certiain time > r 13
C / 40s
40s
Alarm
Time [s]
AP Sensing Confidential

6. DTS Measurement Principle
Measurement of temperature through the evaluation of the backscattered laser light components, stokes and anti-stokes
Raman Stokes
70°C
-40°C
Raman Anti-Stokes
Temperature-dependent lattice vibration
DTS Instrument
Laser
Pulse Generator
Detector
Mirrors and Filters
Control, Acquisition & Analysis Circuitry
Location = 2 * tR * vL
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7. DTS - System Characteristics
Huge local coverage of up to 2x 8km length or 96,000m² area without blind spots
Fast measurement time of 10s and short spatial resolution of 1m
Quick and reliable alarming, virtually false-alarm free through 3 different, freely programmable alarm criteria and confirmation cycles in up to 256 zones
Exact localization and size of any thermal event along the sensor cable
Simple, lightweight, flexible, robust standard sensor cable, easy to install
Passive sensor cable, usable indoor and outdoor, absolutely immune to humidity, dirt, dust, smoke, corrosion, electromagnetic fields or radiation
The sensor has extremely long lifetime and is virtually maintenance-free
Low laser power of only 17mW, class 1M laser is inherently eye-safe
Fire certifications from VdS (A1 / A2 ~ 30 ft NFPA spacing), FM under way
Certified for explosive environments ATEX zone 0, gas and dust
AP Sensing Confidential

8. Typical Applications Power Plants Parking Garages Storage Facilities
Road- & Rail Tunnels
Supply Tunnels
Conveyor Belts
Cable Trays
False ceilings / floors / voids
Production Halls
Warehouses
Cold Stores
Floating Roof Tanks
Transformator / Generators
etc.
DTS is especially well suited for Fire Prevention, Fire Detection and Fire Monitoring
over long distances or large areas
AP Sensing Confidential

9. AP Sensing Confidential
Outline...
Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished
AP Sensing Confidential

10. Classification of “Linear Heat Detection” Systems
Fire Detectors
Point
Detectors
Linear
detectors
Smoke
Heat
Heat
Smoke
Smoke assp. Systems
Ionisation Detectors
Optical Detectors
Maximum & Differential
Pressure & Resistance
Opacimeter
Flame Detection
D T S - Systems
Multi-Point Systems
LHD-Systems
AP Sensing Confidential

11. System Comparison Measurement Range (maximum) 1500 m 300m 100m 2500m
Digital Cable
Analog Cable
Pressurized Tube
Multipoint System
DTS System
Measurement Range (maximum)
1500 m
300m
100m
2500m
2 x 8000m
(AP Sensing)
Local Discretization no
8m /fixed (smaller spacing leads to reduced monitoring range.)
1 to 3m adjustable
VdS approved - ●
Alarm Temperature Range
limited
Infinite
Number of sensor data to detect incident (maximum) 1
312
2 x (continuous)
Number of alarm criteria to detect incident 2 5
Inherently Safe Operation in Hazardous Area (Ex –Zone)
Immune to Electromagnetic Interferences
Individually Configurable Sensor Cables
Precise Localisation of Fire
Calculating Fire Size and Fire Spreading
Fire Monitoring Capabilities *
Maintenance Costs
medium
high
low
* Fire Monitoring Capabilities: System is capable to withstand temperatures up to 1000°C to provide crucial information about the development of the fire.
AP Sensing Confidential

12. AP Sensing Confidential
Outline...
Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished
AP Sensing Confidential

13. AP Sensing Confidential
Fire Prevention
A fiber-optic linear temperature sensor can help to detect a potential fire in its early development phase
Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potential fire sources
Complete local coverage of long structures (like tunnels) or large areas (like big buildings) without “blind spots”
Pin-point alarm with exact temperature and location information enables quick intervention before the outbreak of a potential fire
AP Sensing Confidential

14. Fire Prevention – Coal Conveyor Belts
Example 1: Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plants
Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially hot running rollers and smoldering fires
Complete local coverage of long conveyor belts or a chain of multiple conveyor belts without “blind spots”
Early alarming with exact location information enables an early exchange of hot rollers or the extinction of smouldering fires caused e.g. by self-ignition of lignite dust
Alarm temperature has to be set relative to different day and night environmental temperatures
No way to detect fires with DTS on a fast moving belt (10…20ft/sec) !
AP Sensing Confidential

15. Fire Prevention – Cable Trays and Power Cables
Example 2: Cable Trays, Cable Tunnels, Power Cables...
Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of cable trays, cable tunnels and power cables heating up under high current load
Complete local coverage of long cable trays or cable tunnels without “blind spots”
Early alarming with exact location information enabling the decrease of electrical current, the exchange of bad joint and splices, etc.
Local coverage can be increased by meandering the sensor cable
The temperature difference and the temperature delay between conductor and outside of the cable has to be considered
1m – 1,5m
AP Sensing Confidential

16. Fire Prevention – Pipe and Tube Leakage
Example 3: Leakage of Inflammable Liquids or Gases from Pipes and Tubes
Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially leaking tubes and pipes, e.g. hydraulic oil
Complete local coverage of long pipes and tubes without “blind spots”
Early alarming with exact location information enables an early sealing of the leak and removal of a potential fire load
In case of a gas pipe leakage a cold spot occurs (Joule Thomson effect).
Leakages in a liquid pipe are typically
recognized by a hot spot.
AP Sensing Confidential

17. 3D Visualization with AP Sensing’s Asset viewer
AP Sensing Confidential

18. AP Sensing Confidential
Outline...
Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished
AP Sensing Confidential

19. Tunnel Fire Tests in Sweden, Norway, Switzerland
AP Sensing Confidential

20. Fire Monitoring - What does DTS Provide?
Radiation Heat
Point of Fire
DTS provides:
Precise localization of the fire (2-4m)
Dynamic fire/smoke size assessment
Dynamic fire/smoke spreading assessment
Convection Heat
Smoke A X
DTS Real Time Data T
Tunnel Wind A
Low wind speed B B
High wind speed
Smoke Spreading X
DTS Real Time Data
DTS reliably detects and localizes radiation and convection heat
even under unfavorable conditions like wind
AP Sensing Confidential

21. Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW)
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22. Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW)
OK to enter area
“HotFoam” suppression
Fire Monitoring 6 minutes
Alarm after 50 seconds
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23. AP Sensing Confidential
Fire Monitoring – Functional Integrity of the Sensor Cable During the Fire Is Key!
Functional integrity tested and approved by IEC- standards
Temperature 750°C
Duration 2 hours
Result passed
The functional integrity over an extended period of time allows fire monitoring
and provides crucial information about fire / smoke development.
AP Sensing Confidential

24. DTS - System Advantages
Huge local coverage without blind spots
Exact localization and size of an event
Quick and reliable alarming, safe against false-alarms
Low maintenance cost, simple installation, long lifetime
Passive sensor cable, insensitive to harsh environments, immune to interference
No laser safety problems
AP Sensing Confidential

25. AP Sensing Confidential
Reference Examples
AP Sensing Confidential

26. References from the Mine to the Grid …
Mining
Storage
Power Plant
Power Transmission
Mining: Underground conveyer belt monitoring in ATEX Zone 0 (M1) / CH4 conditions
Storage: smoldering fire detection and hot spot localization
Power Plant: conveyer belts; storage facilities
Power Transmission: Power Cable Monitoring & Fire Detection (buried, ducts, overhead lines)
AP Sensing Confidential

27. Germany: RAG – Conveyor Belt in Coal Mine
5 Conveyers in coal mine with up to 8km of sensing cable on one conveyor
Zone 0 operation for instrument and sensor cable – Certification from Dekra/Exam
Approval from German Government to run system even under CH4 alarm and fiber break conditions for the time until sensor cable is repaired.
Further conveyers to be installed in the coming years
AP Sensing Confidential

28. Spain: La Medusa – Dockside Coal Storage
Coal storage monitoring for smoldering fires
Capacity of tons of coal
Fire on November 14th 2007, extinguishing took 4 days
3 sensor cable rings are embedded in the wall
Dual ended configuration
AP Sensing Confidential

29. Italy: ENEL – Brindisi – Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plant
Smoldering fire detection underneath fully covered coal conveyor belts in coal power plant
Total of 12.5km of sensor cable
Fully integrated into SCADA system
2 controllers with 4 channels each
Loop configuration to continue monitoring
even in case of cable break.
AP Sensing Confidential

30. AP Sensing Confidential 30
Thank you for your attention! Greg McElyea Americas Business Manager Office: Cell:
AP Sensing Confidential