1. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Salvatore Chiarelli Director Of Physical Plant UVM 284 East Avenue, Burlington VT 05405 salvatore.chiarelli@uvm.edu http://www.uvm.edu/~uvmppd

2. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department My Background Brooklyn Technical High School Mech Eng New York City Technical College State University of New York At Binghamton New Jersey Institute of Technology Machine Tool Industry Hospital Services Areas Consolidated Edison Co Of New York New York City Board of Ed Union County College University of Vermont Sal Chiarelli, Director of Physical Plant, UVM

3. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Why is learning about power and energy so important

4. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department How Much Energy Do You Use On A Daily Basis

5. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Importance Air emissions Other environmental concerns Global warming Dependence on foreign fossil fuel Finite resources Economy Cost of living Cost of Business Balance Other

6. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Why Is It Important To UVM Physical Plant Operating Budget FY05- $25.2 Million

7. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department What Are Some Of Today’s Issues here at UVM The growth on campus Energy costs Systems are outdated and obsolete Chilled water is not centralized Air conditioning is an expectation Utilities are critical for Research System reliability

8. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department What Can You Do About It Learn about various types of energy solutions Educate others In your careers try to promote energy awareness Maybe become an engineer Every little bit helps

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13. U. S. Electricity Generation Fuel Shares 2006 Oil3.0% Hydro6.5% Gas18.7% Nuclear19.3% Coal 49.7% Other 2.7% Source: Global Energy Decisions / Energy Information Administration Updated: 11/ 06

14. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Kinds Of Energy Production Fossil (Coal, Oil, Gas) Hydro Wind Wood Refuse (garbage) Methane recovery (cow manure, landfill) Pumped Storage Cogeneration The sun Nuclear The wind Geothermal The oceans (tidal)

15. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Power Plants

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17. Hoover Dam The powerplant consists of 17 main Francis turbine generators and two Pelton Waterwheel station service units (one for each plant wing). The total plant capacity is 2,079 MW.

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19. Geothermal

20. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department http://geothermal.marin.org/

21. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Turbines

22. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Generators

23. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Typical Solar Turbines Cogeneration Unit

24. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Conventional Electrical Generation Fuel 100% Fuel 100% Electricity 67% Waste Heat Pollution (Remote from Users) Power Plant 33%

25. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Steam Electricity Chilled Water 80% Waste Heat & Mechanical Losses CHP Plant Fuel 100% Fuel 100% 20% Pollution

26. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Cogeneration Benefits Better system efficiency (cost effective) Savings of millions of dollars over 20 years Protection from brown-outs Less overall emissions – Credit for LEED certification Cage plant space is compatible for a cogen installation Physically and economically viable Improves reliability

27. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department UVM Wind Turbine Watts in the Wind @ UVM? Campus Renewable Energy Project “See the Need, Take the Lead”

28. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Project Specifics  Modest reduction in campus CO2 output by 3,500 to 5,900 lbs. per year because of the wind turbine.  Due to location specifics, it is estimated that the turbine will generate 3,000 to 5,000 kilowatt- hours which is enough to power an new, energy efficient home for 12 months. The data logger, at the base of the tower, will collect data on wind speed, wind direction and kilowatts produced.

29. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department courtesy of Vermont Wind Energy http://www.vermontwind.com Bi-directional set-up for Residential Wind Turbine System with “Net Metering” Net Metering Example: Residential Type

30. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department Wind Turbine Project Pictures 10.0 kW System

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33. Solar Array Project Picture 5.0 kW System

34. Physical Plant Department Physical Plant Department What is tidal energy? Tidal energy is one of the oldest forms of energy used by humans. Indeed, tide mills, in use on the Spanish, French and British coasts, date back to 787 A.D.. Tide mills consisted of a storage pond, filled by the incoming (flood) tide through a sluice and emptied during the outgoing (ebb) tide through a water wheel. The tides turned waterwheels, producing mechanical power to mill grain. We even have one remaining in New York- which worked well into the 20th century. http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/faqtidal.html

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38. Good Info On Energy http://www.eia.doe.gov/fueloverview.html

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44. Questions …?