1. Ch 16 -Blood Learning Objectives:
Homework: Read Chapter 16 and practice Blood Typing Game (presented near end of chapter)
Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the composition and physical characteristics of blood.
2. List the functions of blood.
3. Discuss the structure and function of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
4. Give examples of blood disorders. Explain the mechanism of each disorder.
5. Describe clot formation.
6. Describe the ABO and Rh blood groups.

2. Newspaper Ad – Austin, Texas
Sell Your Plasma. Takes about 90 minutes. Staff will provide you with a diversion such as a movie to watch during procedure. You can sell your plasma every 48 hours. Earn $35 per visit; Price goes up as you become a regular. NW Blood Center

3. Just The Facts About Whole Blood
Slightly _________ (pH = 7.34 – 7.45)
Temperature (______ degrees F)
Makes up __% of total body weight
Average amount in body (males _____L, females _____L)
Functions include O2 to _____, transporting metabolic ______ out of cells, transporting ________, maintaining body ________, maintaining normal ___, adequate fluid _______, body defense, clotting for injuries

4. Major Components of Whole Blood
_______ (___%) – liquid portion of the blood, mostly water, dissolved solutes (plasma proteins such as the buffer albumin, nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, etc.)
_________ or white blood cells, and _________ (<1%)
________ or red blood cells (45%)

5. DISCUSSION
Is blood blue when it is in your veins? And red only when it is exposed to air?

6. DISCUSSION continued
What do you already know about red blood cells (RBC’s)?

7. Erythrocytes (RBC’s)
Shape - small, __________ flattened discs with depressed centers
Have a plasma membrane but no _______ in mature cells. Essentially, no ________ either.
97% ____________ (protein that functions in gas transport).
FACT: A single RBC contains 250 million hemoglobin molecules so each can scoop up about 1 billion molecules of O2

8. Where are RBC’s Made?
Red bone marrow of the ______ skeleton and _____, _____ bones (____ and femur)
Blood cell formation called hematopoiesis; RBC formation is called erythropoiesis
__ oz new blood made every day

9. Know Your Erythrocyte Disorders
Instructions: With a partner, quickly reference pgs 576 – 577. Describe what characterizes each disorder: (Estimated Time = 5-6 minutes)
1. anemias (describe the three caused by
insufficient number of red blood cells, and the
two caused by low hemoglobin content)
2. abnormal hemoglobin (thalassemias and
sickle-cell disease)
3. polycythemia
*NOTE: Learn these for your first test

10. Leukocytes (WBC’s) Have _____ and _______
Formation called leukopoiesis
Crucial to our defense against ________

11. Granulocytes
Neutrophils – ____ ________ of the WBC’s; twice as large as RBC’s; phagocytize ________
Basophils – _____ of the WBC’s; release histamines; contain heparin (an anticoagulant)
Eosinophils – bi-lobed; kill parasitic _____
Do you know what phagocytize means? If not, look it up! Be curious & proactive in your study habits.

12. Agranulocytes (lack visible cytoplasmic granules)
Lymphocytes – ______ ______ numerous WBC; not many in the blood – contained in the lymph. T-lymphocytes (fight tumors and viruses)
Monocytes – the _______ WBC; circulate in the blood and can leave the bloodstream to enter tissues; fight ______, _______, and ______ infections such as TB

13. Learning More About Leukocyte Disorders
Instructions: Individually, review the 2 disorders (leukemia and infectious mononucleosis), pgs 581 – 582
Describe the disorders and what has gone wrong in your notes.
Need to know for test!

14. Platelets, page 583
Very small fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes
Essential for ______ (coagulation). Stick to a damaged site & form a plug that seals the vascular break
Platelet formation called _____________. Regulated by a hormone called thrombopoietin.

15. 3 Steps Occur When Cut 1. 2. 3.

16. Platelet Disorders 1. thrombocytopenia 2. impaired liver function
Instructions: Individually review “Bleeding Disorders”, page 589. Briefly describe the following disorders in your notes: (Estimated Time: 4-5 minutes)
1. thrombocytopenia
2. impaired liver function
3. hemophilia A
Know for test!

17. DISCUSSION
Do you know your blood type? Why is it important?

18. Blood Groups
There are several types of blood grouping systems. ABO and Rh are the most well-known.
In the ABO system, there are 4 blood types: 1. 2. 3. 4.
And, a person is either Rh – or Rh +

19. Blood Groups continued
The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called _______ (located on the surface of RBC’s) and ________ (proteins in the blood plasma).
Not all blood groups are compatible with each other. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or _________, which is dangerous for individuals.

20. Type A
If you belong to the blood group A, you have A ________ on the surface of your red blood cells and B _______ in your blood plasma.

21. Type B
If you belong to the blood group B, you have B _________ on the surface of your red blood cells and A _______ in your blood plasma.

22. Type AB
If you belong to the blood group AB, you have _____ A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and __ A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma.

23. Type O
If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have ______ A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have ____ A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.

24. Rh Factors
Many people also have a ‘so called’ Rh factor on the red blood cell's surface. This is also an antigen and those who have it are called ____.
Those who haven't are called Rh-. A person with Rh- blood does ___ have Rh antibodies naturally in the blood plasma.

25. Blood Group Antigens Antibodies Can give blood to
Reference Chart
Blood Group
Antigens
Antibodies
Can give blood to
Can receive blood from AB
A and B
None
AB, A, B, 0 A B
A and AB
A and 0
B and AB
B and 0

26. Blood Typing Game

27. Other Blood Types & Systems