1. Ch. 8.3

2.  Hip hop, took 20 years to become mainstream  Between 1997 and 1998, sales of rap increased by 31% over previous years  Compared to 9% growth in the music industry alone  Today’s hip hop culture has expanded and appeals to all walks of life

3.  Sampling-The inclusion on a cd of excerpts from the music of other artists.  Often used to achieve a desired effect in a piece of music.  Sometimes compared to a trailer in the movies  Master P promoted material from new artists on each of his new CDs

4.  Hollywood to movies, Madison Avenue to advertising  Madison Ave. marketing firms like the revenue-oriented spirit of rap. Helped finance rap’s move to mainstream America.  Hip Hop dancers featured in tv ads  The Gap, Coca Cola etc…

5.  Scarcastic or political messages were the original focus of rap.  Now entreprenuership and social activism.  Wycleff singing at Presedential honors  Lauren Hill receiving numerous Grammy’s

6.  Broadway has long used traditional promotional strategies like billboards, radio, and TV and up scale magazines  Two more helpful avenues, word of mouth & a class sponsored by Duke  Telling others about a great experience you have had in the past

7.  The Metro Opera in NY is generating its own new customers by teaming with Duke University  Non Fine Arts majors to take a class aimed at gaining awareness by potentially influencial people  Meet in NY and go to Operas, plays, etc…

8.  Concert bookings and distribution are in a state of change  Prior to 1994 booking a concert involved one of two ways.  Agent, promoter, and the artist’s manager  “Wildcat” tours that cut out the agents  By the mid 90’s Robert Sillerman bought out most of the regional promoters and now controls about 98% of the market

9.  Marketing music to customers now competes with quality music copied for free, but often illegaly from the internet.  Pirating is done with free software called MP3  (Mpeg Layer 3)  Many artists are bypassing making records and using the internet to market directly to their fans

10.  http://102jamzorlando.radio.com/events/201 1/04/28/usher-omg-tour-with-akon/ http://102jamzorlando.radio.com/events/201 1/04/28/usher-omg-tour-with-akon/