1. Milestones for Justice Information Sharing NGA Information Sharing Workshop January 8 - 9, 2004 Dale Good SEARCH

2. The Goal of Integrated Justice Provide complete, accurate, and timely information to justice system decision- makers, when, where, and how they need it Identity Location Legal status Background Policy information

3. FELONY CONVICTION RECORD Crim Sex Conduct 1 12/98 Assault with Weapon 3/96 Burglary Occupied 6/94 Jon Lee Beasley 12/8/52 WARRANTS Dakota County Felony 1/1/99 Hennepin County Misdemeanor 2/5/99 Carver County Gross Msdr 5/5/99 WEAPONS PROHIBITED MISDEMEANORS Domestic Assault 3/3/97 Assault 2/15/94 DWI 7/4/93 DWI 9/15/92 PROBATION Hennepin Scott Dakota Domestic Restraining Orders: Y PRE-TRIAL RELEASE Ramsey 11/99 Hennepin 6/99 Dakota 5/99 JUVENILE FELONY RECORD YES NAME: DOB: SEX OFFENDER: YES

4. FELONY CONVICTION RECORD Crim Sex Conduct 1 12/98 Assault with Weapon 3/96 Burglary Occupied 6/94 Jon Lee Beasley 12/8/52 WARRANTS Dakota County Felony 1/1/99 Hennepin County Misdemeanor 2/5/99 Carver County Gross Msdr 5/5/99 WEAPONS PROHIBITED MISDEMEANORS Domestic Assault 3/3/97 Assault 2/15/94 DWI 7/4/93 DWI 9/15/92 PROBATION Hennepin Scott Dakota Domestic Restraining Orders: Y PRE-TRIAL RELEASE Ramsey 11/99 Hennepin 6/99 Dakota 5/99 JUVENILE FELONY RECORD YES NAME: DOB: SEX OFFENDER: YES

5. The Problem of Time and Space

6. Our justice system was designed in a time when people and information could move no faster than the speed of a horse The volume and complexity of the work were much lower A county-based justice system was good enough

7. “…A critical fact in the world of 1801 was that nothing moved faster than the speed of a horse. No human being, no manufactured item, no bushel of wheat, no side of beef (or any beef on the hoof, for that matter), no letter, no information, no idea, order, or instruction of any kind moved faster. Nothing ever had moved any faster, and, as far as Jefferson’s contemporaries were able to tell, nothing ever would.” “But only sixty years later, when Abraham Lincoln took the Oath of Office as the sixteenth president of the United States, Americans could move bulky items in great quantity farther in an hour than Americans of 1801 could do in a day, whether by land (twenty-five miles per hour on railroads) or water (ten miles an hour upstream on a steamboat). This great leap forward in transportation—a factor of twenty or more—in so short a space of time must be reckoned and the greatest and most unexpected revolution of all—except for another technological revolution, the transmitting of information. In Jefferson’s day, it took six weeks to move information from the Mississippi River to Washington, D.C. In Lincoln’s, information moved over the same route by telegraph all but instantaneously.” (Stephen E. Ambrose, Undaunted Courage, pp. 52, 54)

8. Brady Survey 2001 10.6% criminal history records not automated 32.7% fingerprint not linked to disposition 43.3% felony information missing (some because cases are still pending)

9. Brady Survey 2001 Arrest data to repository 1 to 85 days (12 days average, 7 days median) Entry of arrest data 0 to 180 days (19 days average, 6 days median) Arrest data available 2 to 186 days (28 days average, 17 days median)

10. Brady Survey 2001 Court dispositions to repository 0 to 80 days (18 days average, 14 days median) Entry of disposition data 1 to 330 days (30 days average, 5 days median) Disposition data available 2 to 345 days (44 days average, 20 days median)

11. Brady Survey 2001 Corrections admissions 1 to 60 days (13 days average, 3 days median) Entry of admissions 0 to 90 days (15 days average, 3 days median) Admission data available 1 to 90 days (26 days average, 17 days median)

12. Brady Survey 2001 Corrections releases 1 to 38 days (16 days average, 10 days median) Entry of releases 0 to 90 days (15 days average, 3 days median) Release data available 2 to 90 days (30 days average, 23 days median)

13. Conclusions Criminal activity is no longer confined to a single county or state Criminals today can move much faster than the speed of a horse, while information moves much slower than the speed of a horse Information is needed nationwide, not just countywide or statewide Paper cannot move information far enough or fast enough to meet justice system needs

14. Conclusions Justice system officials do not have the information they need to make informed decisions Justice and public safety is an information dependent enterprise that operates (at a cost of billions $$) with little or no information!!! The information that we do have often does not arrive in time to make a difference

15. Consequences? Treat career criminals as first-time offenders Release people who should not be released Sell handguns to people who are barred from purchasing handguns Inappropriate charging, plea agreement, disposition, sentencing, classification, treatment, placement, and other decisions

16. Private-sector Comparisons $1,000,000,000 per day 6,000,000 flights per year 600,000,000 passengers annually 2,000 offenders?

17. The Problem of Structure

18. Over 55,000 criminal justice organizations Almost 100,000 justice-related organizations in 3,128 counties Each makes independent decisions about work processes and data structure Every time we move information between two of these organizations, it is like lifting the train body off the wheel sets

19. The Problem of Structure Independent organizations Constitution Political Organization Budget Interdependent organizations Operations

20. The Problem of Structure Separation of powers Executive branch Legislative branch Judicial branch Vertical independence Federal government State government County government Municipal government

21. The Problem of Structure Horizontal independence State-to-state County-to-county City-to-city Organizational independence Multi-tiered court systems Multi-level prosecution Overlapping law enforcement jurisdiction

22. The Problem of Structure Justice discipline independence Law enforcement Prosecution Defense Courts Corrections Etc.

23. Consequences? Decisions about business processes and information are made independently in silos Decisions made in one justice organization often hurt other organizations There is no enterprise strategy for delivering information to justice system officials Automation may improve internal efficiency while impeding the overall performance of the justice system

24. AKA Kerry Dean Geller Keith Allen Brummer Bob Stevenson Robert Mark Geller James Heidelberg Richard Lee Olson Bob Geller Robert James Stevenson Eric Allen Johnson Alias Dates of Birth: 03/29/55, 05/11/58, 01/24/61, 05/05/55, 04/29/55, 03/27/48, 04/24/54 Kerry Dean Stevenson Date of Birth: 04/29/58

25. YearConvicted of:CountyStatus:Crt file # 1983Indecent ConductHennepinCCHCAG# 83080022 1984DWIHennepinCCH1535155 1985Indecent ConductAnokaNot in CCHK1-85-1172 1986Indecent ConductHennepin CCH CAG# 86109522 1986Indecent ConductRamsey Suspense Pre-TCIS? 1986DWIHennepinSuspenseCAG# 86121271 1987Indecent conductAnokaSuspenseKX-87-7525 1987Indecent conductAnokaSuspenseK9-87-7967 1988Indecent ExposureHennepin CCH CAG# 87151375 1989Indecent ExposureHennepin CCH 89056658 1989Gross Misd DWIPine Suspense K8-89-534 1991Agg Viol – DL SuspHennepin CCH 91040704 1992Indecent ConductAnoka Suspense K8-92-8512 1993Indecent ConductRamseySuspenseKX-93-759 1993Indecent ConductRamseySuspenseK6-93-757 1993Indecent ExposureHennepin Suspense CAG # 93022196 1993Escape from custodyHennepinSuspenseCAG# 93511838 1994Theft by checkRamseyNot in CCHK7-94-82 1997Crim Sex Conduct 5 th Ramsey Suspense K2-97-2658 1998Crim Sex Conduct 5thHennepin Suspense CAG# 97208852 2000Crim Sex Conduct 5 th AnokaFound Guilty – Sentencing scheduled KX-00-6209 Total Offenses: 21 On State Criminal History Data Base: 6 Total Offenses: 21 On State Criminal History Data Base: 6

26. Solution? Integrated Justice!

27. Definitions Integrated justice: providing complete, accurate, and timely information to justice system decision-makers, when, where, and how they need it Identity Location Legal status Background Policy information

28. Milestones Initiation and Governance Planning Performance Measures Analyze Information Exchange Standards Architecture Infrastructure Applications Interfaces Evaluate Success

29. Initiate the Process and Develop a Governance Structure Is there a common understanding of integration among key policy leaders, and a commitment to pursue it? Is there a decision-making structure in place to which everyone has agreed?

30. Continue Planning Is a strategic plan for the effort in place? Mission Goals and Objectives Technology Assessment Evaluation of Available Technology Review of Best Practices Business Process Review

31. Develop and Use Performance Measures Can performance in accomplishing goals and objectives be demonstrated quantitatively? Benchmark Baseline Tend Analysis, etc.

32. Develop and Use Performance Measures How do you know… If the effort is on schedule? On budget? Meets the project goals and/or goals of the funding stream IF IT IS A SUCCESS? Can performance in accomplishing goals and objectives be demonstrated quantitatively?

33. Building a Measurable Business Objective Example: “Increase the percentage of court dispositions that match to an arrest incident.” From: Measuring the Success of Integrated Justice: A Practical Approach. A SEARCH Special Report.

34. Analyze Information Exchange Have existing information exchanges been documented and analyzed? Have automated information exchanges been designed?

35. Adopt or Develop Standards Are justice agencies using common, shared tables for key data? Are operational and technical experts monitoring efforts to develop standards at the national level?

36. Create a Sound Integration Architecture Is there agreement at the conceptual level among justice agencies concerning the model of integration that will be adopted?

37. Develop the Infrastructure Have adequate communications networks and computing and application development environments been established?

38. Improve Agency and Organization Applications Do justice organizations operate case and records management applications that are compatible with the chosen integration architecture? Event “aware”? Queue enabled? Are all relevant agencies able to connect their applications to the integration infrastructure?

39. Establish Interfaces Are justice organizations able to pass information electronically between applications? Query and Response Application to Application Subscription and Notification

40. Milestones Not a comprehensive evaluation of the status of an integration initiative Simple indicator of approximate location in the process More detailed planning information is available

41. Jean Itzin, FDLE “We don’t catch criminals [or terrorists] by chasing them down dark alleys with guns blazing, like Starsky and Hutch. We catch criminals with information.”

42. Milestones for Justice Information Sharing Dale Good SEARCH January 8 - 9, 2004