1. Integrating Renewable Energy into Power Networks smart grid, micro- grid or off-grid Graham Ault Low Carbon Energy for Development Network Conference 4 th /5 th April 2012

2. Overview Brief outline of renewable grid integration challenges Overview of smart grid research and development Link to ‘Energy for Development’ Case studies in Malawi: –Community based solar PV –Scoping study for community/renewable energy development Topics of Interest in Energy for Development

3. Problems that the smart grid might be the answer to … Distribution Demand Transmission EV M icroGen Responsive Control Smart Metering Energy Storage Renewables Interconnect. Offshore Grids Advanced Automation Gas + Heat networks? Generation + + + Active Management System Management Smart Appliances Electric heating Scheduling Large system coordination … delivering efficient, lower carbon, better, quicker, cheaper solutions?

6. Smart Grid Functions …

7. Snap shot of the smart grid domain …

9. Scottish Government Community Energy Scoping Study: Malawi  Several drivers pushing energy higher up agenda in Malawi: fuel costs, climate change agenda, role of electricity in economic development  Primary aim of government policies, strategies and investment plans is development of grid generation and extension of the grid  Biomass missing from energy policies and investment plans - accounts for 97% of energy use in Malawi  Institutional framework for energy development is sound but resource constrained

10. Scottish Government Community Energy Scoping Study: Malawi Community energy development trials underway with various technologies and approaches but in uncoordinated manner Climate change policy and renewable energy policy not complete and Malawi not exploiting opportunity of international frameworks (e.g. GEF, CDM, etc.) Current situation not providing conducive framework for donor or private investment in energy

11. Example Project: Off-Grid Community Solar PV in Malawi 6 Community Energy Committee trained and empowered 8 installations with lights, AC power, fridges (6 villages with 8 school and health post pilot installations in Malawi 100 mini home solar units distributed/sold in Malawi – more on the way 6 x 10 member Energy Committees elected, trained and established for over 2 years in Malawi Support chain of field worker and local project management Building evidence base for sustainable model through monitoring & evaluation

12. Topics of Interest in EfD / grids Field-evaluation of technology: grid, storage, renewables integration solutions Engineering ‘optimisation’ of system design, operation and asset monitoring/stewardship Smart grid, micro-grid and off-grid solutions Standards for off-grid and small scale energy Sustainable models for off-grid community energy solutions Academic partnerships (research, teaching/training programmes, government/industry collaborations) Impact assessment (technological, sociological, economic) Potential to ‘leap frog’ grid solutions in development situations

13. Graham Ault Institute for Energy and Environment Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde g.ault@eee.strath.ac.uk