1. Elements of Dam Engineering
Module-I
Elements of Dam Engineering
Hoover Dam, USA
Colorado river
Three Gorges Dam
China, Yangtze river

2. Elements of Dam Engineering
Classification of Dam
-Earth Dam
-Concrete or Gravity Dam
- Gravity
- Arch dam
- Buttress dam
- Factors for site sel. Dam
- Factor for sel. Type of dam
Spillway
-Types
- Spillway gates

3. Dam: A dam is an impervious structure constructed across river and
which store the water at U/S. Or
A structure built across a River, Stream, and Tributaries for storing
water at its upstream side and create a reservoir by help of major
axis is called hydraulic structure for Storage such as Dam.

4. Classification of Dam
Based on their use
i) Storage Dam
ii) Diversion Dam
iii) Detention Dam

5. 2) Based on Hydraulic Design
i) Over Flow Dam
ii) Non-Over Flow Dam

6. 3) Based on Structural Design
Gravity Dam
Arch Dam
Buttress Dam
Embankment Dam

7. 4) Based on the material used
i) Rigid Dam
ii) Non- Rigid DAM

8. Concrete Dam or Gravity Dam
It is categorized as rigid dam because it made by the rigid material

9. Embankment Dam
It is most ancient type of dams that can be built by naturally
available materials.
1) Earth Dam
i) Homogeneous type

10. ii) Zoned type

11. ii) Diaphragm type

12. 2) Rock fill Dam

13. 3) Combined Earth & Rock fill Dam

14. Concrete Dam or Gravity Dam
It is categorized as rigid dam because it made by the rigid material

15. Advantages of Gravity Dam:
Strong & Stable
Overflow spillway, Pass flood
Any height
Not sudden failure
Suitable at heavy downpore
Less maintenance cost
Disadvantages of Gravity Dam:
Sound rock foundation
Higher cost
Skill labour & Mechanics
Diff. to rise the height latter
More time to construction

16. Arch Dam
It is curved concrete dam

17. Advantages of Arc Dam:
Suitable deep gorges & Length small
Built on moderate/weak foundation
Thickness less than height
Less cost compare gravity dam
Disadvantages of Arc Dam:
Skill labour & Mechanics cost
Construction time large
Strong abutment
Not Suit if solid rock not available

18. Buttress Dam
Buttress dam consists of a continuous inclined U/S face supported by
D/S buttress at regular interval

19. Advantages of Buttress Dam:
Less materials
Week foundation
Buttress support again overturning & sliding
Disadvantages of Buttress Dam:
More form work
Constant maintenance and supervision
Life less

20. Selection of site for a Dam
Foundation
Topography
Reservoir
Catchment Area
Spillway
Construction Material
Communication
Environmental Condition

21. Factor governing the selection of type of dam
Topography
- V Shape
- U Shape
2) Geology and Foundation Condition
-Solid Rock
-Gravel
- Silt & Fine Sand
- Clay
- Non-Uniform
3) Availability of materials for Construction
4) Spillway size and location
5) Roadway
6)Length and height of dam
7) Life of the dam
8) Earthquake

22. Spillway
Spillways are important auxiliary works of dam, provided to dispose
the surplus water from the dam which can not store in the dam
otherwise it may overtroped

23. Location of Spillway
A spillway is located either within the body or totally away from the
main dam as independent structure

24. Requirements of a Spillway
Sufficient capacity
Safe disposal of water
Hydraulically and structure sufficient
Hard bound surface
Spillway should accompanied by energy dissipation work

25. Component part of Spillway
Control Structure
Discharge Channel
Energy Dissipaters
Entrance and outlet channels

26. Types of Spillway
Free overflow and straight drop spillway

27. 2) Ogee or overflow spillway

28. 3) Chute or Open channel or through Spillway

29. 4) Side channel Spillway

30. 5) Siphon spillway

31. Energy Dissipation Below Spillway
1) Hydraulic Jump

32. 2) Ski jump bucket

33. Spillway Crest Gates
1) Dropping Shutters or Flash boards

34. 2) Radial gauge or Tainter gates

35. 3) Drum gate

36. Prepared by, Dr. Dhruvesh Patel www.drdhruveshpatel.com
Source:
Sincere thanks to Mahajan Publishing house for photographs and supplement materials.