2. The States of Matter

3. How does matter respond to its environment? And the U UU UNIT Essential Question is…

4. What are the phases of matter? Today’s Essential Question

5. I.The 5 phases of matter I. The 5 phases of matter D.gas D. gas E.plasma E. plasma B.solid B. solid C.liquid C. liquid A.Bose-Einstein condensate A. Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) (BEC) Essential question: What are the phases of matter?

6. What causes matter to behave in a certain way? At room temperature; why is Copper a solid, Mercury a liquid, and Helium a gas?

7. II. The Kinetic Theory of Matter A. Moving particles have energy, kinetic energy energy, kinetic energy B. All particles of matter are in constant motion are in constant motion 1. Determines the state or phase of matter 2. Gives matter certain properties Essential question: What causes matter to behave a certain way?

8. What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

9. III. The Common States of Matter A. Solids Essential question: What are the characteristics of each phase of matter? 1. Have a definite shape and volume 2. Particles are packed very close together and have order 3. Particles are fixed but can vibrate Like you guys right now in your seats!

10. B. Liquids 1. Particles are close together but they are free to move around move around 2. They have no definite shape 3. They have a set volume due to the attraction among particles among particles Essential question: What are the characteristics of each phase of matter? Like you guys in the hallways!

11. C. Gases 1. They have no definite shape or volume 2. Energy is too high for particle attraction 3. Particles are far apart and move rapidly Essential question: What are the characteristics of each phase of matter? Like you guys, June 3 rd at 10:38!

12. D. Plasma 1. Particles are ionized and glow 2. Is the most common phase of matter in the universe * 99% of observable matter in the universe * 99% of observable matter in the universe Essential question: What are the characteristics of each phase of matter? 3. Examples:

13. low high slow fast low high high low

14. CYN (Check your notes) What are the 5 phases of matter? All particles of matter are in _________ motion. Which phase of matter has no definite shape or volume? Which phase of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape? Which phase of matter is like you guys at a pep rally? Which phase of matter is the most abundant in the universe?

15. How do gasses react to changes in their environment ? Focus: The Gas phase

16. IV. The Behavior of Gases Essential question: How do gases react to changes to their environment? A. Pressure 1. Particles colliding onto a surface causes pressure 2. Pressure is affected by three factors a. Temperature- raising the temperature increases the speed of the molecules. This increases the pressure of speed of the molecules. This increases the pressure of the gas. the gas. Click to Try me

17. b. Volume- reducing the volume of a gas increases the pressure the pressure Notice how the particles collide more as the volume decreases.

18. c. Number of particles- the more particles there are, the more collisions occur causing more pressure more collisions occur causing more pressure

19. B. Boyle’s Law 1. As the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas increases of the gas increases 2. Volume and pressure will have pressure will have an inverse an inverse relationship relationship P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 These are held constant

20. C. Charles’s Law 1. As the temperature of a gas increases, so will the volume if pressure is held constant will the volume if pressure is held constant 2. Temperature and volume will have a volume will have a direct relationship direct relationship V1T1V1T1 V2T2V2T2 = These are held constant

21. D. Combined Gas Law P 1 V 1 T 1 P 2 V 2 T 2 =

22. Index Card Pressure Tool

23. Now try it, and answer the following questions. 1. With constant Temperature, what happens to the pressure when the volume increases? 2. With constant Volume, what happens to the pressure when the temperature increases? 3. With constant Pressure, what happens to the temperature when the volume increases?

24. Complete the following gas problems: 1.A gas has a volume of 5.0L, at a pressure of 50KPa. What happens to the volume when the pressure is increased to 125KPa? The temperature doesn’t change. 2. Gas stored in a tank at 273K (0 o C), has a pressure of 388 KPa. The safe limit for the pressure is 825 KPa. At what temperature will the gas reach this pressure? 3. At 10 o C, the gas in a cylinder has a volume of 0.250 L. The gas is allowed to expand to 0.285 L. What must the final temperature be for the pressure to remain constant? (You must convert 10 o C to K using the conversion, o C + 273 = K)