1. LEED Independent Study 2008 Matthew Ziff, Associate Professor Interior Architecture Ohio University Presented by Alicia Westgerdes

2. LEED basics Commercial interiors, existing buildings, schools and new construction are areas where LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification has become increasingly important LEED is sponsored by the USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council), a non-profit organization that attempts to create industry standards and goals of achievement in partnership with industry and design leaders

3. LEED basics In order to achieve a certification rank by the USGBC, a project/building must submit a proposal to gain points The subsequent number of points achieved is granted status by the USGBC Contingent on points, a project/building’s status can be: certified, silver, gold, or platinum

4. LEED basics The focus of this presentation is on CI (Commercial Interiors) and –the water use issues therein –innovation in design (new technologies) Though the points given for water use and stewardship are few, the cost-benefit analysis is often a factor in choosing to adopt water-saving technologies Points awarded for ID (Innovation in Design) are a bit amorphous, contingent on the USGBC committee overseeing, but can be an inexpensive means of achieving additional credits

5. LEED basics In the LEED process, a team of various disciplines is assembled and creates a framework in which to attempt certification There is a two-phase application process: design phase and construction phase The team must assemble the final packet of documentation during the construction phase, and the USGBC establishes each credit as “achieved” or “denied”

6. Water Usage The two potential categories regarding water usage, WEc1.1 and WEc1.2, are eligible for design-phase submittal (the early phase) thus submittal phase D. WEc stands for Water Efficiency credits The two categories (1.1 and 1.2) are not mutually exclusive

7. Water Usage The decision-makers for WEc1.1 and WEc1.2 vary: –E stands for Engineer, and s/he is the specialist responsible for designing the WEc1.1 category –A (Architect) and ID (Interior Designer) are the two options as specialists handling WEc1.2 design

8. Water Usage WEc1.1 and WEc1.2 credits are designed to help reduce the need and use of potable water for buildings. The main ways that this is achieved is by recycling greywater, capturing rain water and using more efficient fixtures such as waterless urinals and water closets.

9. Water Usage Energy savings aren’t the only benefit: –Water conservation, reductions in construction waste, and effective storm water management generate significant operational savings for the building owner, and reduce the demand on municipal infrastructures

10. Water Usage Domestic water use in office buildings (toilets and faucets) accounts for roughly half of the total water use in commercial buildings

11. Water Usage Ways to save water: –Install/replace toilets with “low flow” types Average toilet uses at least 3.5 gallons per flush (gpf) Low-flow toilets typically use 1.6 gpf A new high-efficiency toilet was recently released on the market that achieves 1.28 gpf Typical urinals use one gpf; new models use only 0.5 gpf

12. Water Usage

13. Conversion to a dual-flush system is simple; replace the existing handle with a specially designed dual-flush model. This change alone can lead to a 30% savings in water use

14. WEc1.1 Water Use Reduction: 20% reduction Credit Value: 1 point Exemplary Performance: 0 points Submittal Phase: D Decision Maker: E (specialist)

15. WEc1.1 Intent: to maximize water efficiency within tenant spaces to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems

16. WEc1.1 Requirements: –Meet EPA act of 1992 fixture requirements –Reduce water use by 20%

17. WEc1.1 GRAYWATER Graywater systems filter and recycle water from bathroom sinks, showers, and washing machines for use in flushing toilets and/or irrigating landscaping Only about 5-10% of drinking water is used for drinking For a typical building, reusing graywater can provide upwards of 50 to 100 gallons per day for outdoor use and toilet flushing,cutting water and sewer bills noticeably

18. WEc1.1 Graywater schematic

19. WEc1.2 Water Use Reduction: 30% reduction Credit value: 1 point Exemplary Performance: 1 point Submittal Phase: D Decision Maker: A, ID (specialist)

20. WEc1.2 Intent: to maximize water efficiency within tenant spaces to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems

21. WEc1.2 Exemplary performance: –Option 1: 40% water savings –Option 2: demonstrate potable water use reduction in process and non-regulated water consuming fixtures. Process and non- regulated water use savings must be at least 10 % of total design regulated water use

22. WEc1.1 and WEc1.2 One of the simplest ways to gain water use credits is through working with a landscape architect, and planting native species plants and/or decreasing the use of potable water for irrigation

23. key vocabulary Low-flow toilets Blackwater: wastewater from toilets and urinals Composting toilet: dry plumbing fixtures that contain and treat waste via microbiological processes Fixture sensors: motion sensors that automatically turn on/off lavatories, sinks, water closets and urinals Graywater: reusable water from sinks, showers, and laundry. Waterless urinal: replaces the water flush with with a specially designed trap that contains a layer of buoyant liquid that floats above the urine layer, blocking sewer gas and urine odors from the room Potable water: water suitable for drinking Process water: water used for industrial processes and building systems

24. Innovation in Design IDc means Innovation in Design credit This heading in the LEED AP exam is amorphous… credit is awarded for a myriad of implementations The project proposal must be submitted early in the building process, during the design phase Members at USGBC decide whether to award credits, and how many (1-4), contingent on the relative energy savings/environmental impact

25. Innovation in Design Approved ID credits may be pursued by any LEED project, but the project team must sufficiently document the achievement using the LEED credit equivalence process. This process includes identifying the proposed innovation credit intent, the proposed requirement(s) for compliance, the proposed submittal(s) to demonstrate compliance, and a summary of potential design approaches that may be used to meet the requirements

26. ID1.1-1.4 and IDc2 The decision-maker in any ID category is the LEED AP individual This person can be of any specialty The submittal phase is D, which stands for the (early) design phase

27. IDc1.1-1.4 Credit value: 1-4 points Exemplary performance: 0 points Submittal phase: D Decision mater: AP (specialist)

28. IDc1.1-1.4 Intent: to provide design teams and projects the opportunity to be awarded points for exceptional performance above the requirements set by LEED

29. IDc1.1-1.4 Requirements: identify the proposed innovation credit’s intent, requirement for compliance, proposed submittals to demonstrate compliance, and the design approach used A list of potential innovation designs is at : www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID= 3569

30. IDc2 Credit Value: 1 point Exemplary Performance: 0 points Submittal Phase: D Decision Maker: AP (specialist)

31. IDc2 Intent: To support the design integration required by a LEED project, bringing many disciplines together, and streamline the certification process Requirements: A LEED AP must be a principal participant of the project team

32. IDc2 One Innovation in Design credit can be easily achieved simply by having a LEED AP participate as a member of the project team

33. Conclusion The LEED AP examination is a challenging test, not simply for its insistence on familiarity with the latest construction technologies, but also because of the memorization required. Knowing how many credits are awarded for particular inclusions, knowing the principle decision-maker for various credits, and knowing the submittal phase are the starting blocks

34. Conclusion The USGBC is the non-profit organization responsible for setting the standards for green building. The LEED AP exam changes occasionally in order to keep current with the ever-changing context of green building technologies

35. Conclusion Hopefully, with the support of local, state, and federal government, the USGBC’s standards for buildings will become the hallmarks of good building; individuals, schools, and companies may someday be given tax credits and financial incentive to become responsible citizens

36. Resources http://www.usgbc.org/ www.ppi2pass.com/errata Williams Leppo, Holly. LEED Prep: What You Really Need to Know to Pass the LEED NC v2.2 and CI v2.0 Exams. Professional Publications Inc. Belmont, CA. 2008.