1. Speech to the Virginia Convention
By Patrick Henry

2. Elements of Persuasion
Emotional Appeal
Logical Appeal
Anecdote
Evidence/Reason
Example

3. Figurative Language
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Hyperbole
Allusion

4. Emotional Appeal
A technique that uses language to arouse an emotional response in the reader.
EX: “Do you want our children to be forced to play in the streets? Of course not. Therefore, we need a park in our neighborhood.”

5. Circular Reasoning Evading Issues False Analogy Overgeneralization
Logical Appeal
Circular Reasoning
Evading Issues
False Analogy
Overgeneralization
Stereotyping

6. Logical Appeal
Oversimplification
Either/Or
False Cause
Only Reason

7. Anecdote
A brief story, usually about people, that illustrates a typical situation.

8. Reliable Consistency Up-to-date Suitability Multiple Sources
Evidence/Reason
Reliable
Consistency
Up-to-date
Suitability
Multiple Sources

9. Example
Used to illustrate a point. Examples in the preceeding paragraph illustrate the differences between a fact, a statistic and an opinion.

10. Persuasion
The use of language to convince an audience to think, feel, or believe what the speaker wants them to believe.
The ability to convince an audience through the effective use of language.

11. Techniques of Persuasion
Either/or fallacy- oversimplifying an issue by presenting only two extreme choices.
Ex. P “…I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery…”

12. It supports an emotional appeal.
Figurative Language
Language that appeals to the senses: simile, metaphor, personification, and hyperbole.
It supports an emotional appeal.

13. Figurative Language
Ex. P. 102 “I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that lamp is experience.”
Henry is saying that his past relations with the British were not good, so experience would lead him in the direction to protect himself from them.

14. Periodic Sentence
When the main clause is postponed until the end of the sentence. The purpose is to build a conclusion to a dramatic climax.
Ex. P. 104 “We must fight!”

15. Appeal
To convince someone by playing on their emotions/sympathy.
Ex: “Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”
Without liberty, life and peace are worthless. He will risk his own life.

16. Repetition
The repeating of words or phrases.
This is done to make the information stick in the minds of an audience.
Ex: p. 104 “We must fight!” “We must fight!”

17. A memorable conclusion
Peroration
A memorable conclusion
Ex: p. 104 “…but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”

18. Other Literary Devices
Allusion: p. 102 “We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms us into beasts.” (figurative language)
P. 102 “Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss.”

19. Style
Parallelism
Allusions – Biblical/Greek
Call to Action
Peroration
Emotional Appeals
Logical Appeals
Repetition

20. Allusion
Allusion: p. 102 “We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms us into beasts.” (figurative language)
P. 102 “Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss.”

21. Repetition
“We must fight! We must fight!” Patrick Henry

22. Parallelism
“We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne…” Patrick Henry pg. 204

23. Emotional Appeal
“The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave.” pg. 205
“They tell us sir, that we are weak—unable to cope with so formidable an adversary…” pg. 205

24. A memorable conclusion
Peroration
A memorable conclusion
Ex: p. 104 “…but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”

25. Call to Action
We must fight!
Give me liberty or give me death!

26. Logical Appeal Why this accumulation of armies?
“They are meant for us; they can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging.”
Patrick Henry