1. Tennessee in Pictures

2. Explorers & Early Settlers
Middle Tennessee
West Tennessee
East Tennessee
Tennessee Facts
Slavery
Famous Tennesseans
Civil War
Native Americans
Explorers & Early Settlers

3. West Tennessee
Middle Tennessee
East Tennessee

4. East Tennessee Bordered by the Appalachian Mountains
Includes Great Smokey Mountains
Clingman’s Dome is highest elevation in Tennessee

5. East Tennessee Cities Knoxville Chattanooga
Tri-Cities consisting of Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport
Knoxville
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Chattanooga

6. West Tennessee
Middle Tennessee
East Tennessee

7. Middle Tennessee Nashville is capital of Tennessee
Center of Tennessee government

8. Middle Tennessee Largest Grand Division
Geographic center of state in Murfreesboro
Contains Rutherford County and Smyrna

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Middle Tennessee
Raising livestock and farming make it agricultural center
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Shelbyville (Bedford County) known for Tennessee Walking Horse.

10. Middle Tennessee
East Tennessee
West Tennessee

11. West Tennessee
Major cities
Memphis and Jackson

12. West Tennessee Main agricultural region of the state
Major crop is cotton
Soybeans also grown

13. West Tennessee Western boundary of Tennessee is Mississippi River
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14. Tennessee Flag Each star represents one of the three Grand Divisions
Circle around stars shows the three Divisions are united

15. Tennessee Seal 1796 shows year Tennessee became state
Roman numeral XVI shows that Tennessee was 16th state
State motto “Agriculture and Commerce” shows that both equally important

16. State Bird—Mocking Bird
State Flower--Iris

17. State Wild Animal--Raccoon
State Fish—Largemouth Bass

18. State Tree—
Tulip Poplar
State Insect-- Ladybug

19. Important Rivers Duck River
Cumberland River
Clinch River
Duck River
Tennessee River flows from TN into Alabama and back into TN.
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20. Presidents from Tennessee
Andrew Jackson
James K. Polk
Andrew Johnson

21. Andrew Jackson 1767-1845 Got the nickname “Old Hickory” in War of 1812
7th president elected in 1828 & 1832
Known as a man of the people
Home in Nashville named the Hermitage

22. James K. Polk 1795-1849 11th president elected in 1845
Led U. S. in war with Mexico over Texas
Gained Texas, New Mexico, California, and Oregon for U.S.

23. Andrew Johnson
Became 17th president in 1865 when Lincoln was assassinated
Had served as Lincoln’s vice president
President during Reconstruction after Civil War

24. Davy Crockett 1786-1836 Helped settle West Tennessee
Hunter, soldier, author, and member of U.S. Congress
Volunteered to help Texas fight against Mexico for independence
Killed at the Battle of the Alamo

25. Sam Houston 1793-1863 Governor of Tennessee in 1827
Went to Texas in 1832
General in Texas revolution against Mexico
Became first governor of Texas
Houston, Texas named after him

26. Sam Davis 1842-1863 Grew up in Smyrna, Tennessee
Confederate scout in Civil War
Captured by Union Army and refused to reveal information about Confederate positions
Hanged by Union army as a spy

27. Casey Jones 1864-1900 Railroad engineer
Saw a parked train ahead of his speeding locomotive
He applied the brakes but although Jones was killed; the passengers were saved.
Popular song was written about him
Casey Jones

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Alex Haley
Tennessee author of Roots, a story based on his family history
Haley traced his roots back to African Kunta Kinte who was kidnapped into slavery
Wrote about his ancestors in slavery and after the Civil War
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29. Slavery in Tennessee
African settlers were important part of those moving to Middle and West Tennessee
By 1791 about one-tenth of state’s population was of African ancestry.
Most were slaves

30. Slavery in Tennessee
Slaves are people who are held against their will and forced to work for no pay
Slave jobs included:
Planting & harvesting crops
Raising farm animals
Slaves worked hard for owners
They were often treated badly
Some ran away to the North where slavery was illegal

31. Free Blacks in Tennessee
By 1860 more than 7,300 free Africans lived in Tennessee
Had same political freedoms as white men at the time
Owned farms and businesses

32. Abolition in Tennessee
Some people wanted to abolish (end) slavery.
Elihu Embree started first abolitionist newspaper in U.S. in Jonesborough, Tennessee
Newspaper was caller The Emancipator.
As more land in Tennessee was used for farming, slavery increased.
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33. Hernando de Soto Led 600 Spanish soldiers
Found many natural resources, but not the gold they hoped to find
First Europeans to arrive in Tennessee

34. Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet
Marquetts—Catholic priest
Joliet—fur trader
French explorers
Led group of explorers from Canada to West Tennessee in 1673

35. James Needham &Gabriel Arthur
In 1673 and 1674, they traveled from North Carolina into Tennessee to establish trade with the Cherokee Indians.

36. Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
French explorer led expedition from Canada to Gulf of Mexico
Built fort near where Memphis is today

37. Dr. Thomas Walker 1715-1794 Explorer, surveyor, statesman & physician
First to record information about the existence of Cumberland Gap

38. James Robertson Led first group of pioneers to East Tennessee in 1771
Settled the community known as the Watauga Association
Helped write the Watagua Compact, the state’s first constitution
In 1779 traveled to Middle Tennessee
Helped settle Ft. Nashborough
James Robertson

39. William Blount Moved to what became Tennessee in 1790
Appointed governor of the Territory South of the River Ohio (which included Tennessee) and also as Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Southern Department
Presided over constitutional convention to create state of Tennessee
William Blount

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John Sevier
Led a group of pioneers from what would become Tennessee who went (Overmountain Men) to fight the British in Battle of King’s Mountain
British defeated and Sevier became hero
Was elected first governor of Tennessee
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41. Native Americans in Tennessee
Chickasaw Indians lived in West Tennessee
Shawnee Indians lived in Middle Tennessee.
Creek Indians had several large villages in southeastern Tennessee.
Cherokee Indians lived in East Tennessee in the Appalachian Mountains.

42. Comparison of Native American Tribes in Tennessee
Similarities
Skilled hunters, farmers, and fishers
Built homes using natural resources from forest around them
Similar dress
Differences
Each tribe had own language, culture, and traditions
Often fought wars for control of land and its resources

43. Nancy Ward, Cherokee Peacemaker
Cherokee leader named Nanye’hi and later called Nancy Ward
As young woman saw her Cherokee husband Kingfisher killed in battle against Creeks.
She picked up his gun and took his place in battle.
Cherokees won battle and made her a Beloved Woman to show thanks.
She then had right to be heard in tribal council.
Nancy Ward, Cherokee Peacemaker

44. Nancy Ward Married an English trader and became known as Nancy Ward
Worked for peace between settlers and Cherokee
Warned Watauga settlers in 1776 that Cherokees planned attack which saved lives of most of settlers
Helped Cherokee Nation reach agreement with U.S. government in 1785.
Died in 1824

45. Sequoyah, Creator of Cherokee Writing System
Created a written language for Cherokee
Born in Tennessee of Cherokee mother and Virginia fur trader
Did not read or write English but fascinated that English settlers could read and write

46. Sequoyah Spent 12 years on his writing system called a syllabary
Had 85 characters or symbols
Each character stood for a sound in the Cherokee language
Cherokees could write down their laws, publish books, and print newspapers.

47. Trail of Tears
During 1800s settlers wanted to gain control of more Native American land.
Passed Indian Removal Act of 1830 that said all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River had to leave their lands and move west.

48. Trail of Tears Cherokee were forced from their homes by soldiers
Had to march 1,200 miles to Indian Territory where Oklahoma is today.

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Trail of Tears
Journey called Trail of Tears passed through Tennessee including area around Murfreesboro and Smyrna
About 4,000 Cherokees died along the way
Those who lived suffered from hunger, cold, and sadness at being driven from homes.
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50. Tennessee in the Civil War
Lincoln elected president in 1861
Many thought he would try to end slavery.
Southern farms depended on slave labor.
Southern states wanted to decide about slavery for themselves.
Tennessee in the Civil War

51. Civil War The struggle seemed likely to turn into a civil war
A civil war is between people of the same country.
After Lincoln’s election, seven states decided to leave the United States or Union
Union states
Border states
Confederate states

52. Civil War
These states created their own government called the Confederate States of America or Confederacy
After Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight for the Union, four more states joined the Confederacy.
Tennessee was the last of these states to leave the Union
Union states
Border states
Confederate states

53. Tennessee Divided by War
Many in Tennessee did not want to join the Confederacy
People in 26 counties in East Tennessee were so unhappy that they tried to separate from the state, but their plan did not work
Tennessee regions, towns, and even families were divided

54. Tennesseans fight on opposite sides
About 60,000 Tenesseans, including 20,000 African Americans, fought for the Union.

55. Tennesseans fight on opposite sides
As many as 135,000 Tennesseans fought for the Confederacy.

56. War in Tennessee
Each side in the Civil War wanted to make use of Tennessee’s location and resources
Confederacy needed Tennessee’s crops, livestock, and iron work.

57. War in Tennessee
The Union wanted to control Tennessee’s rivers and railroads
They also wanted to control Chattanooga which would open the way to Atlanta, the railroad center of the Confederacy.
Both sides needed gunpowder produced in Tennessee

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War in Tennessee
Tennessee was focus of much fighting
Thousands died in battle
Tennessee was one of most divided and damaged by war
It took many years for the state to recover from the Civil War.
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