1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES M. Martín Abeleira.

2. Conditionals / The If Clause The conditional tense says that an action is reliant on something else. They are composed by two parts: One that expreses the condition, introduced by the word ‘if’, commonly known as the ‘if clause’. One that expresses the consequence. If you work hard, you will succeed

3. Conditionals / The If Clause There are three main types of conditional patterns Type I or Probable or Real condition Type II or Improbable or Unreal condition Type III or Imposible condition We also have Type O or General truths

4. The real conditional (often named 1st Conditional or Conditional Type I) describes situations based on fact. The unreal conditional (often named 2nd Conditional or Conditional Type II) describes unreal or imaginary situations. There is also what we call the 3rd conditional (often named Conditional Type III), used to express no possibility of something having happened in the past. The 0 conditional (often called the zero conditional), used to express absolute certainty. Conditionals / The If Clause

5. Note! If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma

6. Conditional 0 / Zero Conditional The conditional 0 is used to express general truths and facts (often things based on scientific fact). Uses the simple present tense:- (IF Clause)(Main Clause) If you heat water to 100°C,it boils. (Main Clause)(IF Clause) Water boilsif you heat it to 100°C, Formation or...

7. For example: If you drop an apple, it falls. = An apple falls, if you drop it. (This is an absolute truth based on scientific fact - gravity). If you don't do your homework, I am disappointed. = I am disappointed, if you don't do your homework. (This is a general truth based on previous knowledge - you know that I am disappointed if people don't do their homework).

8. Note! Most zero conditional sentences mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if".

9. 1st Conditional / Conditional 1 The first conditional is used to express situations based on fact in the present or future (things which may happen). Uses the simple present tense:- (IF Clause)(Main Clause) If I see you tomorrow,I will buy you a drink.

10. We often use unless which means 'if... not'. 1st Conditional / Conditional 1 (IF Clause)(Main Clause) Unless you hand in your homework,I won't mark it. means If you don't hand in your homework, I won't mark it.

11. For example: If I have time today, I will phone my friend. = I will phone my friend, if I have time today. (It is possible that I will have time - therefore the condition is real). If I go to England, I will buy some Cheddar cheese. = I will buy some Cheddar cheese, if I go to England. (It is possible that I will go to England - therefore the condition is real).

12. Note! We never use will, or won't in the if clause.

13. Conditional 2 / 2nd Conditional / Conditional II The 2nd conditional is used to express unreal situations in the present or future. Often used to express a wish. Uses the simple past tense: (IF Clause)(Main Clause) If I won the lottery,I would buy a new house. (Main Clause)(IF Clause) I would buy a new house if I won the lottery.

14. For example: If I were you, I wouldn't do that. = I wouldn't do that, if I were you. (I am not you - therefore the condition is unreal). If I had more time, I would do more on my websites. = I would do more on my websites, if I had more time. (I don't have more time - therefore the condition is unreal.)

15. Conditional 3 / 3rd Conditional / Conditional III Used to express conditions in the past that did not happen. Often used to express criticism or regret with would have, could have or should have. Uses the past perfect tense:

16. (IF Clause)(Main Clause) If I had worked harder,I would have passed my exam. If I had worked harder,I could have passed my exam. If I had worked harder,I should have passed my exam. (Main Clause)(IF Clause) I would have passed my examif I had worked harder. I could have passed my examif I had worked harder. I should have passed my examif I had worked harder.

17. For example: If I hadn't helped you, you would have failed. = You would have failed, if I hadn't helped you. (I helped you so you didn't fail). If it had been sunny, we could have gone out. = We could have gone out, if it had been. (We didn't go out because it wasn't sunny).

18. Try to find the correct ending for these conditional sentences. If I had the time, … If he didn't work so hard, … If I told their father, … If they had more money, … If we got a pay rise, … If you spoke English more often, … We would talk to him … If you had an appointment, … If I met Julia Roberts, … They wouldn't be tired …

19. New Orleans New Orleans was founded by the French. It first had a French name, Nouvelle-Orléans, in honor of the Duke of Orleans, King of France. The city lies on the river Mississippi and a riverboat cruise on the Mississippi is an unforgettable experience. New Orleans is also an important center for music, especially for jazz and rhythm and blues. Put the verbs into the most suitable form to make correct conditional sentences : Do you like jazz music? Because if you…… (like) jazz, you…… (love) New Orleans. Vanessa hates boat trips. But if she….. (hate / not) boat trips, she ……(enjoy) a riverboat cruise on the Mississippi. I…… (do) a course in jazz dancing if I……. (have) more time. But unfortunately I don't have time. If the founders of the city …..(hate) the King of France, they ……(call / not) the place Nouvelle-Orléans in honor of him.

20. Exercise on Conditional Sentences with Auxiliaries Complete the conditional sentences. Remember to use the auxiliary verbs. If it doesn't rain, we…………… (can / go) swimming tomorrow. If you train hard, you……………. (might / win) first prize. If we go to Canada next year, we…………….. (can / improve) our English. I ………………(may / go) to the disco in the evening if I do the washing-up now. If we go on holiday next week, I………………. (not / can / play) tennis with you. If you see Gareth tomorrow, you………… (should / tell) him that you love him. If my parents go shopping in the afternoon,...................... I (must / look) after my little sister. He ……………………(must / be) a good drummer if he plays in a band. If you are listening to the radio after 10 pm, you ……..(should / turn) the volume down. If you like that shirt, you………………. (can / have) it.

21. I wish / if only We can use wish and if only + past simple to express a wish for something to be different than it actually is: If only I had more free time. I'm sure I'd be less stressed and more cheerful. I wish I were younger. I'd love to be able to play tennis like Roger Federer. I wish you could drive. Then I wouldn't need to be your personal chauffeur. We also use wish and if only with the past perfect to express a regret about the past, a wish that something might have been different: I wish I'd had more children. Then I wouldn't be so lonely now. I wish you'd told me you felt lonely. You could've spent the summer with me.

22. if or whether If and whether always imply uncertainty. You can generally use if or whether when you are reporting yes/no questions. It doesn't matter which you choose: Can you take care of Tommy for me? ~ I don't know yet whether / if I shall be able to look after Tommy. whether not if After prepositions, before to-infintives, in whether…or… constructions and whenever we start a sentence with the conjuntion, we have to use whether: Whether I'll get there in time for Henry's lecture, I don't know. I can't make up my mind whether to buy some new summer clothes now or wait until the prices go down.. There was a lot of discussion about whether Susan should have his tongue pierced or not. Whether we go by bus or by train doesn't really matter. I'm going to spend all my money on a new kitchen whether you like it or not!