1. INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE REPORT presented at the EC conference “EUROPE NEEDS MORE SCIENTISTS” Brussels, 2 April 2004 Members of the HLG José Mariano Gago (Chairman) John Ziman, Paul Caro, Costas Constantinou Graham Davies, Ilka Parchmannn, Miia Rannikmäe, Svein Sjøberg Students:Tiago Ratinho Carlos Neves

2. INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE PERFORMANCE OF THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES GENERATION AND DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE

3. INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE WHAT IS AT ISSUE?  THE POLICY SETTING  OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT REPORT  SCOPE  ORGANISATIONAL SETTINGS  DEFINING SET WORKFORCE  THE LINKED HIERARCHIES OF “SET” QUALIFICATIONS AND JOBS

4. INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN S&T LABOUR MARKET  DEMAND  SUPPLY  BOLOGNA DECLARATION CAREER PERSPECTIVES THE CRISIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR S&T  THE CRISIS IN HUMAN RESOURCES  ALARMING SIGNALS

5. HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH TRAINING  HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND SYSTEMS: PRODUCTION OF QUALIFIED “SET” WORKERS  HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY: ROBUST INNOVATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURES, LIFELONG EDUCATION AND CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE  UNIVERSITY CURRICULA: TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO UNIVERSITY, “SET” CURRICULA FLEXIBILITY, PRACTICAL WORK AND INCLUSION OF “RESEARCH PROJECTS” INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

6. HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH TRAINING  GRADUANDS AS CAREER CANDIDATES: CAREERS ADVICE, STANDARDISATION OF QUALIFICATIONS, PROFESSIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT  RESEARCH TRAINING: COLLEGIALITY, STUDENT RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERVISOR, COMPETITION AND AGGRESSIVENESS, RESEARCH VERSUS TEACHING AND METHODOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE. INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE

7. SCHOOLING FOR SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  ASSURING A GOOD FOUNDATION OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY FOR ALL STUDENTS  SCIENCE-RELATED CAREERS  QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN SCIENCE-RELATED SUBJECTS  DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERSTANDING AND COMPETENCE  DEVELOPMENT OF INTEREST, CURIOSITY AND ATTITUDES

8. INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE THE PERCEPTION OF SCIENCE, SCIENCE EDUCATION AT SCHOOL AND SCIENCE-BASED CAREERS  HOW DO STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENTS DIFFER BETWEEN THOSE WHO WERE TAUGH INTEGRATED SCIENCES AND THOSE WHO STUDIED DIFFERENT SUBJECTS?  HOW ARE TEACHERS TRAINED IN THESE SUBJECTS, WHICH ARE EITHER SPECIFIC OR INTEGRATED?  DO MORE STUDENTS CHOOSE CAREERS IN “SET” IN THOSE COUNTRIES THAT HAVE COMPULSORY COURSES IN SCIENCE-RELATED SUBJECTS IN PRIMARY AND/OR SECONDARY EDUCATION?  WHAT KIND OF SUPPORT DO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OFFER STUDENTS WITH POOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUNDS OR LANGUAGE PROBLEMS?  HOW DO DIFFERENT ROLE MODELS BETWEEN TEACHERS, PARENTS, SCHOOL AND SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION?  HOW CAN THE INFLUENCE OF OTHERS SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND TRAINING – FORMAL OR INFORMAL – BE ESTIMATED?

9. INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE CULTURAL CONTEXT OF RECRUITMENT FOR RESEARCH CAREERS  SCIENCE AND THE MEDIA: SENSATIONALISM, ICONIC IMAGES, “WHAT THE FUTURE WILL BE?”, STAGING DEBATES  NATIONAL EFFORTS – “LA MAIN À LA PATE” AND “CIÊNCIA VIVA” PROGRAMS  INSTABILITY: FLUCTUATING FACTORS  THE STATE OF OPINION ABOUT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EUROPE (Eurobarometer – Dec2001)

10. INCREASING HUMAN RESOURCES IN EUROPE PORTUGUESE CHALLENGES IN HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPING RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN “SET” INVESTMENTS AT THE BASIC AND SECONDARY LEVELS NEW WAYS OF ORGANIZING EDUCATION ENSURING THE INSTITUTIONAL INTEGRITY OF THE UNIVERSITY CREATING A BROAD AND PRODUCTIVE SCIENCE BASE PROMOTING A HIGHLY AND BROADLY SOCIAL CONSCIENCE IN “SET”