1. First Aid Merit Badge
This is a 5 lesson plan which can be run over 5 weekly meetings or as a special merit
day of approximately 3 hrs.
If run over 5 weeks start the presentation and then clik on the link in the lower left
corner to go to that day’s lesson.
Please Note: If you would like a printed copy, Select Print and under “Print What”
select from the drop down menu “Note Pages”
Firsd Aid Skills

2. Lesson One
Firsd Aid Skills

3. Lesson One – Objectives Fundamentals of First Aid
Define the meaning of First Aid.
Explain how to use the 911 system.
Explain the first concern when giving first aid.
Explain when to move and when not to move an injured person.
List the four steps of victim assessment.
What is Triage?
Supply list:
Merit Answer Guide
MLR 1 “RAP ABCH” transparency
MWS 1 “Fundamentals of First Aid” (Merit Worksheet)
MWS 2 “RAP ABCH Flowchart”
Phone (real or play)
Plastic sandwich bags
Latex gloves
Strips of Cloth
Packaged moist towelettes
Bandages
Overhead projector or large piece of butcher paper and tape
Firsd Aid Skills

4. 1. What is the purpose of first aid:
Fundamentals of First Aid
1. What is the purpose of first aid:
First Aid is care given to an injured person to stabilize and keep him / her safe until he / she can receive professional medical attention.
Have boys fill in answer
Firsd Aid Skills

5. Fundamentals of First Aid
Scenario:
A man has been hit by a car and thrown into the street. He is wearing shorts, and blood is flowing, but not spurting, from his leg. What looks like a bone is sticking out of his leg.
Have boys give answers
What are the two major concerns when giving first aid to this victim?
Firsd Aid Skills

6. Fundamentals of First Aid
Answer:
First, safety of the rescuer from traffic and the safety of the of the victim.
Second, unless the victim is in a life-threatening situation, he should not be moved.
Firsd Aid Skills

7. 2. List the Two Major Concerns When Giving First Aid:
Fundamentals of First Aid
2. List the Two Major Concerns When Giving First Aid:
The first rule of first aid and the primary concern is:
The second concern is, unless the victim is in a life-threatening situation, he or she should:
Safety
Not Be Moved
Firsd Aid Skills

8. Giving First Aid RAP ABCH
R is for Responsiveness
Is the victim conscious?
Touch their shoulder, ask if they are alright.
Ask if they need help.
If they say no, then proceed no further
If yes, or no response, then proceed to A
Suggest using overhead with MLR 1 as review of RAP ABCH
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9. RAP ABCH A is for Activate EMS or 911
Giving First Aid
RAP ABCH
A is for Activate EMS or 911
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10. Stay on the line with the operator until help arrives.
How to Use the 911 System
4. What are the four things you need to remember when making a 911 call?
Your name
The emergency
The location of the emergency
Condition of the victim
Stay on the line with the operator until help arrives.
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11. When should EMS / 911 be called?
How To Use the 911 System
When should EMS / 911 be called?
Check the victim for responsiveness. If they do not respond or if they tell you that they need help, then contact EMS.
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12. When To Move An Injured Person
P is for Position
Only re-position the victim if the victim is in further danger in their present location.
And / or there does not seem to be spinal injury and additional care requires moving them.
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13. Seek immediate medical attention.
Explain when an injured person should and should not be moved?
If there are suspected spinal injuries, do not move the victim (except when the victim is in a life threatening situation).
Question: Explain when an injured person should and should not be moved?
Seek immediate medical attention.
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14. A is for airway Four Steps of Victim Assessment
Use the mnemonic “ABCH”
A is for airway
-check to see if the airway is blocked.
Use your finger to sweep the mouth to remove any seen object. If this fails, then perform the Heimlich maneuver or abdominal thrusts. We will learn these techniques in later lessons.
Firsd Aid Skills

15. Four Steps of Victim Assessment
B is for breathing
Look, listen and feel by watching the chest and placing your cheek a few inches above the mouth of the victim to sense any movement of air. If the victim is not breathing, they may need their head repositioned.
If they are still not breathing they need rescue breathing, do not give unless you are trained, instead, find an adult.
Firsd Aid Skills

16. Four Steps of Victim Assessment
C is for circulation
If there is not a pulse, then this person needs CPR.
The best place to check for a pulse is the carotid artery along the side of the neck along the windpipe.
If you are not trained in CPR, then find someone who is.
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17. Four Steps of Victim Assessment
H is for Hemorrhaging
If the victim is bleeding, then provide the necessary care.
If not, then begin a secondary assessment.
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18. What is Triage?
Process of prioritizing patients based on the severity of their condition so as to treat as many as possible when resources are insufficient for all to be treated immediately.

19. Lesson One Review
First aid is a first-response activity, nothing more.
It’s sole goal is to maintain the injured person until they get professional help.
First priority – Safety for all!
Blood from a cut or torn vein will flow, a cut artery will spurt.
Firsd Aid Skills

20. Lesson One True-False Questions
T F 1. Checking the victim, calling for help, and giving care are three steps in treating someone who has been seriously hurt or ill.
T F 2. It is ok to move someone who is seriously hurt to make them feel better.
T F 3. Knowing first aid could save a life, and applying first aid should be accompanied with prayer.
Have boys fill in all True – False Questions. Then review on screens 20 & 21
Firsd Aid Skills

21. Lesson One True-False Questions
T F 4. The groove to the side of the neck (carotid artery) is a good place to check the pulse.
T F 5. Calling for help may be the most important thing that you do to help the victim.
T F 6. First aid is the temporary care that you give until professional help arrives.
Recreation – page 178 Victim Assessment Exercise
Have a “victim” lay on the floor at least twenty feet away from the team.
Use the scenario from earlier in the lesson.
One team as a time., timed event.
Each team member run down the assessment on MWS 2 with the help of his teammates.
Make sure boys stress safety and check both ways as they cross the street to the victim.
Each Ranger must go through each step correctly.
They stop when they reach reach hemorrhage and determines the man is bleeding and then return to their group and tag the next boy.
Repeat game if time permits.
Next slide is Lesson 2
Firsd Aid Skills

22. Lesson Two
Firsd Aid Skills

23. Lesson Two – Objectives
Choking, AED, Shock and Weather Related Ailments
Review Victim Assessment from lesson 1.
Explain and Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver and abdominal thrusts.
What is an AED and what is it used for?
Explain the treatment for shock and hot and cold weather related injuries or ailments.
Materials List:
Merit Answer Guide
MLR 1 “RAP ABCH”
MLR 2a “Shock”
MLR 2b “Victim Card” (one copy per three boys)
MWS 3 “Shock and Weather Ailments”
MES 4 “Shock Flowchart”
Blankets and pillows (one per three boys)
Overhead projector and transparency or a large piece of butcher paper and tape.
Firsd Aid Skills

24. RAP ABCH Review Safety is the primary concern.
R = Responsiveness (Is the victim conscious?)
A = Activate EMS or 911
P = Position (no spinal injury, position according to injury)
A = Airway (is it blocked? Check head position)
Review each using the MLR 1 “RAP ABCH” overhead
Firsd Aid Skills

25. RAP ABCH Review B = Breathing (is the victim breathing? Check!)
C = Circulation (Is there a pulse? Check!)
H = Hemorrhaging (Is the victim bleeding?)
Perform secondary survey. Examine the victim for other injuries and wait for medical attention to arrive.
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26. Heimlich Maneuver
Used only when the victim is conscious and is unable to breath or cough.
Victim coughing, encourage to continue.
If the victim goes unconscious, use Abdominal Thrusts
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27. Heimlich Maneuver

28. Heimlich Maneuver Stand behind victim.
Wrap arms around victim’s waist and not around the ribs.
Make a fist and place the thumb side of your fist just slightly above the navel.
Grab your fist with your other hand.
Demonstrate as you review these slides
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29. Heimlich Maneuver Time To Practice!
Press into the victim’s stomach with five quick upward thrusts. Each thrust should have a pause in between.
After every five thrusts, recheck the victim. Repeat until the object has been dislodged of until the victim loses consciousness.
Have boys pair up.
Simulation only, stress that they are not to actually pull into the stomach!!!!
Time To Practice!
Firsd Aid Skills

31. Abdominal Thrusts Place victim on his or her back.
Straddle the victim by sitting on their thighs.
Place the heel of one hand just slightly above their navel. Your fingers should be angled slightly upward, pointed toward the victim’s head.
Firsd Aid Skills

32. Abdominal Thrusts
Grasp your hand by placing your other hand on top and lacing your fingers into the first hand.
Press inward and upward with five quick thrusts. Each thrust should have a pause in between.
Firsd Aid Skills

33. Abdominal Thrusts Time To Practice!
After every five thrusts, recheck the victim. Repeat until the object has been dislodged or until you are relieved by another person or an EMT.
Perform finger sweep after each set of five thrusts.
Have boys pair up.
Simulation only, stress that they are not to actually pull into the stomach!!!!
Time To Practice!
Firsd Aid Skills

34. What is an AED and what is it used for?
A portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient, and is able to treat them through defibrillation, the application of electrical therapy which stops the arrhythmia, allowing the heart to reestablish an effective rhythm.
AEDs are designed to be simple to use for the layman, and the use of AEDs is taught in many first aid, first responder and basic life support (BLS) level CPR classes.

35. Shock - Treatment
Preserve body heat by placing a blanket or cover over the victim. Provide insulation, or move the victim, if possible, to a warmer environment.
Have Rangers fill in Requirement 5, page 195 and answer Question 11 on page 201, DR Workbook
Firsd Aid Skills

36. Shock - Treatment
Illustration of keeping victim warm by covering with blanket and elevating legs 8 to 12 inches.
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37. Shock - Treatment Allergic Reaction
First Question: Is shock the result of an allergic reaction?
If the shock is the result of an allergic reaction, then follow victim's instructions for treating allergy and monitor the "ABCH’s" until medical attention arrives.
Review using chart MLR 2a, page 192, Red Merit reference guide on overhead.
Firsd Aid Skills

38. Shock - Treatment Spinal injury – do not move the victim.
If result of a head injury or if victim has difficulty breathing, elevate head and shoulders by placing a pillow or blanket under head.
If the victim is unconscious or vomiting, then turn the victim on their left side so the stomach is on the left side of the body.
Review using chart MLR 2a, page 192, Red Merit reference guide on overhead.
Firsd Aid Skills

39. Shock - Treatment
If no, elevate legs eight to twelve inches off the ground.
If less then two hours from medical care, then do not give fluids (except to those who are conscious and are severely burned).
If no, give small and periodic amounts of water (only if conscious).
Wait for medical attention to arrive.
Review using chart MLR 2a, page 192, Red Merit reference guide on overhead.
Firsd Aid Skills

40. Weather Related Emergencies
Weather related emergencies include:
Hyperthermia: Heat related, body unable to cool itself
Heat Exhaustion: Skin cold & clammy, person alert
Heatstroke: Skin hot, altered state of awareness
Hypothermia: Cold related, body unable to warm itself
Frostbite: Freezing of the extremities (fingers & toes)
Frostnip: First stage of freezing outer layers of skin
Firsd Aid Skills

41. Treatment for Hyperthermia “The body is unable to itself.”
Weather Related Emergencies
Treatment for Hyperthermia
“The body is unable to itself.”
COOL
Move person into a cool place; remove any excess clothing; cool victim with either water, fanning, or cool packs under the armpits or groin; wait for medical attention, in the case of heatstroke.
Explain that Rangers need to write in the red text in their workbooks on page 201 and 196 as a part of their requirements
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42. Treatment for Hypothermia
Weather Related Emergencies
Treatment for Hypothermia
“The core body temperature drops below degrees.”
Ninety-five
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43. Treatment for Hypothermia
Weather Related Emergencies
Treatment for Hypothermia
Move the victim out of the cold; handle the victim carefully; replace wet clothes with dry clothes.
You may need to be forceful verbally to get the individual to comply;
Insulate from the cold with layered clothing and/or an insulated sleeping bag.
Firsd Aid Skills

44. Lesson 2 Review Questions
True-False Questions
T F 7. Hyperthermia occurs when the body loses the ability to cool itself and overheats.
T F 8. When you have frostbite, rub the hands together slowly to warm them up.
T F 9. Hypothermia occurs when the body loses its ability to keep itself warm.
T F 10. Shock may occur with any injury, illness, or trauma.
Firsd Aid Skills

45. Lesson 2 Review Questions
True-False Questions
T F 11. Itching eyes is a sign of hypothermia.
T F 12. Clammy skin is a sign of heat exhaustion.
13. Describe the treatment needed for the following scenario: You have come to an accident scene, and the victim is sitting on the curb. He or she seems a little upset, is shivering, and there is some discoloration of the skin. How do you treat this person?
Check “RAP ABCH”. Cover with blanket. Ask if it is an allergic reaction. Seek medical attention.
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46. Lesson Three
Firsd Aid Skills

47. Lesson Three – Objectives
Explain and demonstrate first aid for a cut.
Explain how to treat a blister.
Explain and demonstrate first aid for a puncture wound.
Explain and demonstrate first aid for arterial bleeding of an arm or leg.
Explain and demonstrate how to stop bleeding.
Dangers of a tourniquet.
Materials List:
Merit Answer Guide
MLR 3 “Bleeding”
MWS 5 “Bleeding and Burns”
MWS 6 “Bleeding Flowchart”
Overhead projector w/transparencies or large paper/tape
Mole Foam (or 1/8” sticky-back foam)
Moleskin
Needle
Colored Stickers (1/4” diameter)
Plastic Bag – Pin - Water
Bandages (one per boy)
Strips of Cloth - Sterile Dressings
Ointment
Plastic Bottle – Pencil - Paper Cup
Latex gloves or additional plastic bags
Firsd Aid Skills

48. Blister Treatment
Remove the object or clothing that is causing the blister.
Wash with warm water and soap.
Use a sterile needle to pop the blister at its base and drain.
Place a donut-shaped piece of mole foam around it to keep it from further irritation.
Ask the boys what kinds of injuries they have experienced while camping
Blisters are caused by clothing or equipment repeatedly rubbing against the skin.
A blister will almost always get worse and pop if left alone because of repetitive rubbing
Treat a blister as soon as it appears.
Properly fitted footwear and clean socks are the best prevention for foot blisters.
Keep clean in order to prevent infection.
Firsd Aid Skills

49. Blister Treatment Treating a Blister Remove footwear then
The best place to pop the blister is
tear off the roof of the blister.
The best way to prevent blisters is to wear fitted footwear.
wash the blister with warm water and soap.
at the base.
Do not
properly
Firsd Aid Skills

50. Puncture Wound Treatment
Larger wounds - never remove barriers (may cause wound to bleed again).
Wash gently with outward strokes to move dirt and bacteria away from wound.
Use a stream of water to flush it out. Dry carefully, apply antibacterial ointment (for small wounds) and sterile bandage.
Result from sharp objects, such as a nail, large splinter, knife, or needle, piercing the skin and underlying tissue.
Puncture wounds come in many different sizes.
Other examples are mosquito bites, spider bites, and snakebite (covered in lesson 4).
These types of wounds do the most damage underneath the skin and may not leave much of a mark.
It is possible that debris is left deep within the wound, making it prone to infection.
Treatment based on what you find (object imbedded or not, type of bleeding).
Do not remove a large object if still within the wound.
Demonstrate by puncturing a plastic bottle with a pencil (if the object can be contained with a small cup, place it over it and wrap gauze around to immobilize).
Otherwise wrap around the wound to immobilize.
Instructions for washing out a minor wound above.
Firsd Aid Skills

51. Puncture Wound Treatment
Treating punctures:
If the object has already been removed, treat the wound based on the type of that has occurred.
The object acts as a and should not be
The most important thing is to keep the object from
bleeding
plug
removed.
moving.
Firsd Aid Skills

52. Minor Cut Treatment Wash hands with soap and water.
Apply direct pressure to the cut until it stops bleeding.
Gently wash with soap and water and rinse it for a few minutes.
Pat dry and add a bandage with small dab of ointment on it.
Ask boys how serious a small cut is. (Give time for answers)
Even a small cut may lead to infection (people used to die from these years ago).
What changed? Cleanliness! Stress washing hands before meals, after washroom breaks, etc. More then just a rinse.
Demonstrate proper care for a small cut (use another leader or audience member).
Wash thoroughly and rinse.
Demonstrate opening bandage without touching sterile area and explain why important.
Apply ointment (only on smaller cuts)
Have boys demonstrate on each other.
Firsd Aid Skills

53. Arterial Bleeding Check RAP ABCH first.
Try to stop the bleeding using direct pressure.
If the bleeding stops, treat for shock.
If not, then: Elevate that part of the body above the victim's heart and continue with direct pressure.
Firsd Aid Skills

54. Pressure Points for Control of Bleeding

55. Arterial Bleeding
If the bleeding stops, treat for shock. If not, then: Locate a pressure point and continue to apply direct pressure.
The pressure points are located in the upper arm and where the leg joins the hip.
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56. Arterial Bleeding
If the bleeding stops, treat for shock. If not, then: Seek immediate medical assistance.
Use a tourniquet as last resort.
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57. Dangers of a Tourniquet
Emergency tourniquets are used in emergency bleeding control to prevent severe blood loss from limb trauma. Emergency tourniquets are a last resort, for all blood flow below the application of an emergency tourniquet is stopped, and can subsequently kill the tissue, leading to eventual loss of the limb below application.

58. Preventing Infection How to prevent infection.
The best way to prevent infection is to the wound.
wash
b. Protect the wound with a clean sterile dressing.
Firsd Aid Skills

59. Lesson 3 Review Questions True or False Questions
T F A foot blister occurs because of the constant rubbing of clothing of equipment against the skin.
T F Most wounds can be card for by applying direct pressure, cleaning, applying medicine, and applying a bandage.
T F A tourniquet is a good and safe way to control bleeding at a camp-out.
T F Arterial bleeding is considered a simple wound.
Firsd Aid Skills

60. Lesson 3 Review Questions True or False Questions
T F A deep puncture wound is not serious and does not need to be treated by a doctor.
T F Applying ointment is not a method to control bleeding from a large wound.
Set up four stations for testing: Treating a cut, treating a blister, treating a puncture, treating arterial bleeding.
Recreation: Relay Race – by patrols or evenly divide boys; begin at start line; run to commander; commander asks a True/False question from previous three weeks; if correct, he returns to group and tags next boy; if incorrect, then counts to fifteen and then return. First team to finish wins.
Let’s Practice
Firsd Aid Skills

61. Lesson Four
Firsd Aid Skills

62. Lesson Four – Objectives
Explain and demonstrate how to respond to poisonings.
Explain and demonstrate first aid for insect bites.
Explain how to remove a splinter from a finger.
Explain how to treat poisonings.
Materials List:
Merit Answer Guide
MLR 4a “Poisons and Bites”
MLR 4b “Progressive Skills Game”
MLR 4c “Progressive Skills Game Answers”
MWS 7 “Poisons and Bites”
MS 8 “Poisons and Bites Flowchart”
Overhead projector w/transparencies or two large pieces of paper/tape.
Adventures in Camping
Water – Soap - Ice
Plastic Card (Old Credit card)
Hot Dogs
Tweezers
Wood splinters
Calamine Lotion
Gauze bandages or strips of cloth
Bandages
Five strips of paper (1” x 11”)
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63. Poisons Inhalation Ingestion Injection Absorption
Poisons can enter the body one of four ways:
Inhalation
Ingestion
Injection
Absorption
Use overhead with MLR 4a “Poisons and Bites” flowchart on it to illustrate each area.
Next slide will start on left side with poison ivy (Absorption).
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64. Poisoning Treatment Absorbed, like Poison ivy,
Immediately wash the area with soap and water.
Then take a cool bath and apply calamine lotion.
If it spreads and painful, then seek medical attention.
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65. Poisoning Treatment Poisonous injections: i.e. Snakebites,
Identify the snake, if possible.
Then clean the bite with soap and water and keep bite below heart level.
Seek medical attention.
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66. Poisoning Treatment If the poison is inhaled or swallowed;
Check "ABCH" and treat for shock.
Seek medical attention and call the Poison Control Center
Poison Control number is nationwide.
Firsd Aid Skills

67. Insect Bite or Sting Treatment
If possible, try to catch the spider or insect without risk to you.
Check to see if the stinger is in the skin.
If not, Clean the area, apply ice to reduce swelling.
Firsd Aid Skills

68. Insect Bite or Sting Treatment
If stinger is found, gently scrape the stinger out of the wound using a plastic card or fingernail, pulling away from the wound to minimize amount of toxin released into the body.
Do not squeeze stinger. Treat wound as a minor cut.
Firsd Aid Skills

69. Insect Bite or Sting Treatment
Next, check to see if the victim is allergic to the bite.
Look for signs of shock and swelling.
If no, then seek medical attention or an adult for assistance.
If yes, check “ABCH,” treat for shock, and immediately seek medical attention.
Firsd Aid Skills

70. Splinters and Ticks - Treatment
Use tweezers to carefully remove.
If splinter breaks, use sterilized tweezers.
Remove remainder of splinter, and treat wound as a minor cut.
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71. Splinters and Ticks - Treatment
Treating a splinter.
Remove as much of the splinter as
If the splinter breaks off, sterilize the
cut into the skin.
possible.
tweezers.
Do not
Firsd Aid Skills

72. Splinters and Ticks - Treatment
Treating a tick.
Do not yank the tick out, but pull it out.
After removing the tick, the area and watch for
Contact medical attention if swelling, or persists.
slowly
clean
infection.
redness,
itching
Firsd Aid Skills

73. Lesson 4 Review Questions True or False Questions
T F To remove a tick, just yank it off of your body.
T F Call the Poison Control Center if poison is swallowed or inhaled.
T F For a snakebite, slice the wound, suck out the venom, and spit it out.
T F To remove the oils that rub onto the body from poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac, you should change your clothes and wash thoroughly.
Firsd Aid Skills

74. Lesson 4 Review Questions True or False Questions
T F Tweezers are needed to remove a splinter.
T F A plastic card could be used to remove a stinger from an insect bite.
Have the boys practice by scrapping wood splinters from hot dogs using a plastic card.
Display the transparency of MLR 4b “Progressive Skills Game.
Use the strips of paper (horizontally) to cover the questions.
When a question is asked, pull the strip to the right, exposing the next question.
Begin by asking the question on the top left-hand side of the page.
Proceed across the top until the entire first row has been exposed, then proceed to the next line.
Divide the class into patrols and ask the first boy a true or false question.
If correctly answered the patrol earns the listed points.
The last five-hundred-point question requires a written response by the entire team.
Firsd Aid Skills

75. Lesson Five
Firsd Aid Skills

76. Lesson Five – Objectives
Demonstrate and explain first aid for simple burns.
Assemble a personal first aid kit.
Learn where a first aid kit should be stored.
Materials List
Merit Answer Guide
MLR 5a “Burns”
MLR 5b “Scenarios” (one per boy)
MWS 9 “Burns and First Aid Kit”
MWS 10 “Burns Flowchart”
Pictures of First-, second-, third-degree burns
Clean cloths or gauze bandages
Bucket of Water
Overhead projector w/transparencies or large paper/tape
First Aid Kit (see Preliminary Information)
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77. Degree of Burn First Degree Burn Second Degree Burn Third Degree Burn
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Second Degree Burn
Third Degree Burn
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78. Burns – Degrees of Burns
First-degree burn
Only the top layer of skin is
The skin is only mildly
There is only a little
These burns usually within a week.
burned.
discolored.
swelling.
heal
Firsd Aid Skills

79. First-Degree Burn Redness (Erythema) First Degree Burn
Damage to the outer layer of skin (epidermis), causing pain, redness, and swelling.
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Firsd Aid Skills

80. Burns – Degrees of Burns
Second-degree burn
layers of skin are burned.
The skin has a appearance.
There is greater swelling, and there are
These burns take up to three weeks to heal and should be attended by a
Several
spotty or blotchy
blisters.
physician.
Firsd Aid Skills

81. Second-Degree Burn Blisters (Bulla) Second Degree Burn
Damage to both outer skin and underlying tissue layers (epidermis and dermis), causing pain, redness, swelling, and blistering.
Blisters (Bulla)
Firsd Aid Skills

82. Burns – Degrees of Burns
Third-degree burn
layers of skin are burned.
There is discoloration.
Some skin may be
These burns can be
Many
severe
charred.
life threatening.
Firsd Aid Skills

83. Full thickness burn with tissue damage
Third-Degree Burn
Full thickness burn with tissue damage
Third Degree Burn
Damage extends deeper into tissues (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) causing extensive tissue destruction. The skin may feel numb.
Firsd Aid Skills

84. Heat Burn Treatment
Go through “RAP ABCH” first, then ask if burn was caused by heat.
Determine degree and amount of burn.
If it is a third-degree burn or large second-degree burn, use the “ABCH”, then treat for shock.
Do not attempt to pull off the clothing because skin may come with it.
Firsd Aid Skills

85. Heat Burn Treatment Cut it off if attached to the skin.
Apply a sterile dressing and elevate.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Burn is first-degree or small second-degree, apply cold water/compress until pain stops.
If you must use ice, provide a barrier.
Do not apply an ointment.
Firsd Aid Skills

86. Chemical Burn Treatment
Determine if burn was caused by a dry chemical.
If so, brush it off, remove clothing, wash area fifteen to twenty minutes.
If not caused by dry chemical, remove clothing and jewelry, wash area for fifteen to twenty minutes.
Seek medical attention in both cases.
Firsd Aid Skills

87. Electrical Burn Treatment
If burn is not chemical, then it’s an electrical burn.
Is victim in contact with electrical source, are you at risk.
If yes, ask adult to turn off power.
May entail calling 911 to have then call appropriate person.
Treatment same as heat burn.
Firsd Aid Skills

88. Electrical Burn Treatment
In all cases, monitor wound for signs of infection.
Large wounds – seek medical attention to reduce risk of infection.
Serious burn, monitor for signs of shock.
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89. First Aid Kit
Container – To keep all first aid items in one common container.
Gauze Pads -To cover wounds and prevent infection.
Roll Bandage -To stabilize strains and sprains and cover wounds.
Triangular Bandage -To cover wounds and prevent infection .
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90. First Aid Kit Bandages -To stop minor bleeding and prevent infection.
Adhesive Tape -To secure bandages to wounds.
Antibacterial Ointment -To prevent infection on small cuts.
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91. First Aid Kit Calamine Lotion -To prevent itching.
Soap -To clean minor wounds and cuts and to prevent infection.
Latex Gloves -To protect the rescuer from infection and blood pathogens.
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92. First Aid Kit Bandage Scissors -To cut gauze and bandages.
Tweezers -To pull splinters.
Moleskin -To protect blisters and prevent infection.
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93. Where should a first aid kit be placed?
It should be placed in a visible location near the center of the activities. Everyone should be aware of its location.
Firsd Aid Skills

94. Lesson 5 Review Questions True or False Questions
T F A first-degree burn should be cooled using ice, not water.
T F When helping a victim with a chemical burn, quickly rinse the burn for a few seconds.
T F You should remove clothing from a burn, even if it is sticking, so you can treat it more effectively.
T F When approaching a victim or electrical burns, you should make sure the power is off.
17. F
18. F
19. F
20. T
Firsd Aid Skills

95. Lesson 5 Review Questions True or False Questions
T F Duck tape is an important item in a first aid kit.
T F Large second-degree burns are just as dangerous as third-degree burns.
21. F
22. T
Final Assessment challenge – each boy will correctly assess each patient from MLR 5b “Scenarios”.
Boys in each patrol will garnish points collectively based on the performance of every Ranger.
Allow boys to have RAP ABCH charts (MWS 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10).
Let each patrol know they will be deducted 10 points for each boy using the chart & every step missed in their first aid assessment will cost 5 points.
Patrol gains five points for each correct answer.
Every time a boy mentions a sentence in each box, add 5 points.
Not timed but all three scenarios must be completed.
Have a copy of MLR 5 for each boy.
Firsd Aid Skills

96. Lesson Six
Firsd Aid Skills

97. Lesson Six – Objectives
What is Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ?
The ABC’s of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation .
Explain the steps in Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Materials List
Merit Answer Guide
MLR 5a “Burns”
MLR 5b “Scenarios” (one per boy)
MWS 9 “Burns and First Aid Kit”
MWS 10 “Burns Flowchart”
Pictures of First-, second-, third-degree burns
Clean cloths or gauze bandages
Bucket of Water
Overhead projector w/transparencies or large paper/tape
First Aid Kit (see Preliminary Information)
Firsd Aid Skills

98. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped.
Ideally, CPR involves two elements: chest compressions combined with mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing.
Call 911
Airway & Breathing
Hand Placement
Circulation

99. Before you begin Assess the situation before starting CPR:
Is the person conscious or unconscious?
If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you OK?"
If the person doesn't respond and two people are available, one should call 911 or the local emergency number and one should begin CPR. If you are alone and have immediate access to a telephone, call 911 before beginning CPR — unless you think the person has become unresponsive because of suffocation (such as from drowning). In this special case, begin CPR for one minute and then call 911.
If an AED is immediately available, deliver one shock if advised by the device, then begin CPR.

100. Remember the ABC’s Think ABC — Airway, Breathing and Circulation.
Move quickly through Airway and Breathing to begin chest compressions to restore Circulation.

101. AIRWAY: Clear the airway
Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.
Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
Open the person's airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Put your palm on the person's forehead and gently tilt the head back. Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to open the airway.
Check for normal breathing, taking no more than five or 10 seconds: Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, and feel for the person's breath on your cheek and ear. Gasping is not considered to be normal breathing. If the person isn't breathing normally and you are trained in CPR, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing. If you believe the person is unconscious from a heart attack and you haven't been trained in emergency procedures, skip mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing and proceed directly to chest compressions to restore circulation.

102. BREATHING: Breathe for the person
Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can't be opened.
With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver) pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal.
Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath — lasting one second — and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath. If the chest doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second breath.
Begin chest compressions to restore circulation.

103. CIRCULATION: Restore blood circulation with chest compressions
Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands.
Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). Push hard and push fast — give two compressions per second, or about 120 compressions per minute.
After 30 compressions, tilt the head back and lift the chin up to open the airway. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Pinch the nose shut and breathe into the mouth for one second. If the chest rises, give a second rescue breath. If the chest doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second rescue breath. That's one cycle. If someone else is available, ask that person to give two breaths after you do 30 compressions.
If the person has not begun moving after five cycles (about two minutes) and an automatic external defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it and follow the prompts. The American Heart Association recommends administering one shock, then resuming CPR — starting with chest compressions — for two more minutes before administering a second shock. If you're not trained to use an AED, a 911 operator may be able to guide you in its use. Trained staff at many public places are also able to provide and use an AED. Use pediatric pads, if available, for children ages 1 to 8. Do not use an AED for infants younger than age 1.
Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or until emergency medical personnel take over.

104. QUESTIONS