1. Getting Ahead of the Curve SCALABLE, ACCESSIBLE, ENTERPRISE-CLASS VIDEO ON THE WEB

2. WCAG Requirements  Perceivable  Operable  Understandable  Robust Media is multi-modal (sight, sound, interactive)

3. Media Accessibility Checklist (http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/media-a11y-reqs/) Accessible Media Requirements by Type of Disability  Blindness  Low vision  Atypical color perception (color blind)  Deafness  Hard of hearing  Deaf-blind  Physical impairment  Cognitive and neurological disabilities

4. Production and Delivery Requirements Alternative Content Technologies  Captioning  Described video  Text video description  Transcripts  Extended video descriptions  Enhanced captions/subtitles  Sign translation  Clean audio  Content navigation by content structure System Requirements  Access to interactive controls / menus  Discovery and activation/deactivation of available alternative content by the user  Granularity level control for structural navigation  Time-scale modification  Requirements on making properties available to the accessibility interface  Requirements on the use of the viewport  Requirements on secondary screens and other devices

5. Alternative Content Technologies

6. Alternative Content Technologies: Captions “Captioning is the process of converting the audio content of a television broadcast, webcast, film, video, live event, or other productions into text and displaying the text on a screen or monitor. Captions not only display words as the textual equivalent of spoken dialogue or narration, but they also include speaker identification, sound effects, and music description.” (http://www.dcmp.org/captioningkey/)

7. Alternative Content Technologies: Captions It is important that the captions are:  synchronized and appear at approximately the same time as the audio is delivered  equivalent and equal in content to that of the audio, including speaker identification and sound effects  accessible and readily available to those who need or want them  Captions can be either Open or Closed While similar in construction, Captions and Sub-Titles are not the same thing.

8. Alternative Content Technologies: Captions  WCAG Success Criteria  S.C. 1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded) (A)  S.C. 1.2.4 Captions (Live) (AA)  S.C. 3.1.2 Language of Parts (AA)  S.C. 1.4.8 Visual Presentation (AAA)  UAAG Success Criteria  S.C. 1.1.1 Render Alternative Content (A)  S.C. 1.1.3 Replace Non-Text Content (A)  S.C. 3.1.3 Retrieval Progress (A)  S.C. 2.11.8 Video Contrast and Brightness (AAA)

9. Alternative Content Technologies: Captions (Timing and Display) Formats for captions, subtitles or foreign-language subtitles must:  Render text in a time-synchronized manner, using the media resource as the time-base master.  Be available in a text encoding. (e.g. UTF-8)  Support positioning in all parts of the screen - either inside the media viewport but also possibly in a determined space next to the media viewport.  Permit a range of font faces and sizes. Permit rendered text and backgrounds in a range of colors, supporting a full range of opacities.  Additional requirements supporting internationalization and visual display properties

10. Alternative Content Technologies: Captions  Formats  WebVTT (dev.w3.org/html5/webvtt/)  TTML/SMPTE (http://www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp / https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/st2052-1-2010.pdf)  Other formats exist:  Scenarist Closed Caption (.scc)  SAMI/SMIL (.smi)  RealText (.rt)  SubRip/SubViewer (.srt/.sbv)

11. Alternative Content Technologies: Descriptions Described video contains descriptive narration of key visual elements designed to make visual media accessible to people who are blind or visually impaired. The descriptions include actions, costumes, gestures, scene changes or any other important visual information that someone who cannot see the screen might ordinarily miss.

12. Alternative Content Technologies: Descriptions  WCAG Success Criteria  S.C. 2.4.6 Headings and Labels (AA)  S.C. 1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded) (AA)  S.C. 1.4.7 Low or No Background Audio(AAA)  UAAG Success Criteria  S.C. 1.1.1 Render Alternative Content (A)  S.C. 1.1.3 Replace Non-Text Content (A)  S.C. 3.1.3 Retrieval Progress (A)  S.C. 2.11.8 Video Contrast and Brightness (AAA)

13. Alternative Content Technologies: Transcripts A full transcript supports different user needs and is not a replacement for captioning. A transcript can either be presented simultaneously with the media material, which can assist slower readers or those who need more time to reference context, but it should also be made available independently of the media.

14. Alternative Content Technologies: Transcripts  WCAG Success Criteria  S.C. 1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded) (AA)  S.C. 2.4.6 Headings and Labels (AA)  S.C. 3.1.1 Language of Page (A)  UAAG Success Criteria  S.C. 1.1.1 Render Alternative Content (A)  S.C. 1.1.3 Replace Non-Text Content (A)  S.C. 3.1.3 Retrieval Progress (A)  S.C. 2.11.8 Video Contrast and Brightness (AAA)

15. Alternative Content Technologies: Extended and Enhanced Extended descriptions work by pausing the video and program audio at key moments, playing a longer description than would normally be permitted, and then resuming playback when the description is finished playing. This will naturally extend the timeline of the entire presentation Enhanced captions are timed text cues that have been enriched with further information - examples are glossary definitions for acronyms and other intialisms, foreign terms (for example, Latin), jargon or descriptions for other difficult language. They may be age-graded, so that multiple caption tracks are supplied, or the glossary function may be added dynamically through machine lookup.

16. Alternative Content Technologies: “Above and Beyond”  Clean audio  Content navigation by content structure  Sign translation

17. Summary of Authoring Requirements To be fully conformant to WCAG 2.0 (AA), you will require the following:  Captions  Video Descriptions  Transcripts

18. System Requirements

19. What is an HTML5 Media Player?  The browser is the video player – the video player is the browser!  HTML5 anticipates author scripted & customized controls  Many HTML5 video players today use Flash players as a fallback

20. System Requirements Access to interactive controls / menus Interactive controls and menus must be available to all users for all means in which the controls are exposed - no matter whether they are exposed by the user agent, or are scripted. Controls must be device independent, so that control may be achieved by keyboard, pointing device, speech, etc.

21. System Requirements Discovery and activation/deactivation of available alternative content by the user Alternative content must be both discoverable by the user, and accessible in device agnostic ways. The development of APIs and user-agent controls should adhere to UAAG guidance.

22. System Requirements Discovery & activation/deactivation of available alternative content  In cases where the alternative content has different dimensions than the original content, the user has the option to specify how the layout/reflow of the document should be handled.  The user can browse the alternatives and switch between them.  Synchronized alternatives for time-based media can be rendered at the same time as their associated audio tracks and visual tracks  Non-synchronized alternatives can be rendered as replacements for the original rendered content.  Provide the user with the option to load time-based media content such that the first frame is displayed (if video), but the content is not played until explicit user request.

23. System Requirements Granularity level control for structural navigation A real-time control mechanism must be provided for adjusting the granularity of the specific structural navigation point next and previous. Users must be able to set the range/scope of next and previous in real time.

24. System Requirements Time-scale modification While all devices may not support the capability, a standard control API must support the ability to speed up or slow down content presentation without altering audio pitch. (This feature has been present on many devices, especially audiobook players, for years. )

25. System Requirements Making properties available to the accessibility interface (AAPI) For user agents supporting accessibility APIs implemented for a platform, any media controls need to be connected to that API.

26. System Requirements Requirements on the use of the viewport  The video viewport traditionally provides a bounding box for many of the visually represented alternative-content technologies, although some alternative content does not rely on a viewport. Remember when designing player ‘skins’ is that the lower-third of the video may be needed for caption text.

27. Summary of System Requirements  Controls must be accessible, via platform AAPIs  Alternate content must be discoverable, and able to be modified by the end user  Content navigation and content display should allow for personalization

28. Infrastructure & Production Requirements

29. Let’s Do Video!  Producing Accessible videos  Streaming your Accessible videos  Managing your Accessible video library

30. Caption & Description Resources Outsourcing  Captions  3PlayMedia (http://3playmedia.com)  Automatic Sync (http://www.automaticsync.com/caption)  CaptionMax (http://captionmax.com/)  National Captioning Institute (http://www.ncicap.org)  Described Video  Bridge Multimedia (http://www.bridgemultimedia.com/audiodescription/ )  Dicapta (http://www.dicapta.com/)  CaptionMax (http://captionmax.com/)  More resources (http://www.acb.org/adp/services.html)

31. Producing Accessible videos Video Captioning Software MAGpie (http://ncam.wgbh.org/invent_build/web_multimedia/tools- guidelines/magpie)  Media Access Generator is the original free caption and audio- description authoring tool for making multimedia accessible to persons with sensory disabilities. Subtitle Workshop (http://www.urusoft.net/products.php?amp;cat=sw&lang=1)  The most complete, efficient and convenient freeware subtitle editing tool. It supports all the subtitle formats you need and has all the features you would want from a subtitle editing program. Caption Generator (http://www.vttcaptions.com/)  Caption Generator lets you create, synchronize and edit.vtt captions.

32. Producing Accessible videos Video Description Software YouDescribe (http://www.youdescribe.org/)  Free web-based tool that allows anyone to record descriptions of YouTube videos and/or play previously described YouTube videos. CapScribe Open (http://www.inclusivemedia.ca/captionme/)  Free Mac-based video editor for captioning and description MAGpie (http://ncam.wgbh.org/invent_build/web_multimedia/tools- guidelines/magpie)  Media Access Generator is the original free caption and audio- description authoring tool for making multimedia accessible to persons with sensory disabilities. Livedescribe (http://www.livedescribe.com/)  Video description software designed, prototyped and developed at The Center for Learning Technology.

33. Producing Accessible videos HTML5 Out of band Fallback content here with links to download video files

34. Producing Accessible videos HTML5 In Band

35. Producing Accessible videos HTML5 In Band - Tools Handbrake (Captions) CyberLink Power Director Sony Movie Studio Pro iMovie Adobe Premiere Pro

36. Streaming your Accessible videos Adaptive Streaming Media Server Adaptive Streaming - HTTP (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_ bitrate_streaming)  MPEG-DASH  Apple HTTP Adaptive Streaming  Microsoft Smooth Streaming  Adobe Dynamic Streaming for Flash http://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/Editorial/Featured-Articles/How-to-Produce-for- Adaptive-Streaming-81020.aspx

37. Streaming your Accessible videos Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTMP) Media Server Helix DNA Server / Helix Universal Server :  RealNetworks' streaming server. Comes in both open-source and proprietary flavors.  RealNetworks commercial streaming server for RTSP, RTMP, iOS, Silverlight and HTTP streaming media clients QuickTime Streaming Server:  Apple's closed-source streaming server that ships with Mac OS X Server. Windows Media Services:  Microsoft streaming server previously included with Windows Server that uses RTSP modified with Windows Media extensions

38. Streaming your Accessible videos Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTMP) Media Server Wowza Media Server:  Multi-format streaming server for RTSP/RTP, RTMP, MPEG-TS, ICY, HTTP (HTTP Live Streaming, HTTP Dynamic Streaming, Smooth Streaming)

39. Managing your Accessible video library Not all Media CMS solutions are equal. An accessible Media CMS supports the following:  Integrated upload and tracking of Captions, Video Descriptions, Transcripts and of course Videos  Integrated Adaptive Streaming  Supports/converts multiple codecs (.mp4, WebM)

40. Thanks! Questions?  John Foliot  john.foliot@Deque.com  @johnfoliot