1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Families and Their Social Worlds Chapter 3: Families Throughout History This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease or lending of the program.

2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Piecing Together the History of Family Life Ethnographies – Detailed accounts and interpretations of some aspect of culture Family Reconstitution – Attempts are made to compile all available information about significant family events and everyday life within a particular family to piece together social history

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Why Study Family History? Are families in trouble? What examples provided by the textbook How do families change and evolve?

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Families in Pre-Industrial Societies Family Life as a Hunter-Gatherer –Subsistence Economies – Economies in which families use all of what they have, with virtually no surplus of food or other resources

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Families in Pre-Industrial Societies Family Life In Horticultural and Agrarian Societies –Early European Families Patricians – During the Roman era, these were landowners, at the top of the stratification system Primogeniture – Families during the Middle Ages leaving their wealth or property to the eldest son

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Family Life in Pre-Industrial United States Colonial America: European Colonists –Courtship and Partnering Bundling – A dating practice in colonial America in which a young man and woman may continue their date by spending the night in a bed together separated by a wooden board –Household Structure –Relationships Between Husbands and Wives –Parenting

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Family Life in Pre-Industrial United States Mexicans –Familism – Family relationships are paramount and take precedence over individual needs or wants –Compadres – Godparents in the Mexican-American community who serve as coparents to children –Machismo – Mexican-Americans have a long tradition of masculine authority, which is exercised in the home, the workplace, in sexual prowess, and in the raising of children

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Family Life in Pre-Industrial United States Native Americans

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Preindustrial Family Life Describe family patterns found among early Native Americans. In what ways did family life differ from that of the European colonists? In what ways were gender roles among colonial families similar to those of today? In what ways were they different? In what ways were African-American families affected by economic cultural, and physical exploitation? What are some of the primary characteristics of pre- industrial, Mexican families?

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 American Families in the 19th Century The Changing Nature of the Economy: Industrialization and Urbanization –Industrialization – Transformed an economy from a system based on small family-based agriculture to one of large industrial capital

11. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 American Families in the 19th Century Class Ideology –Separate Spheres – A dominant ideology of 19 th century middle and upper classes that suggested that woman should stay home to rear children and take care of the home while husbands should be the sole breadwinners –Cult of Domesticity - The glorification of women’s domestic role –Example: The 19th Amendment is Ratified

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 American Families in the 19th Century Demographic Changes –Immigration – People moving to the United States

13. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Families in the 20 th Century & Beyond What is meant by the “modern” family and what social and economic changes led to the rise of this family What are some of the most significant challenges facing post-industrial American families? form?

14. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Families and Societies – An Overview PreIndustrial Societies –Hunter-Gatherer –Horticultural and Agrarian Societies The 19 th Century The 20 th Century

15. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Family Life in Pre-Industrial United States Colonial America: African Americans and Slavery

16. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Families in the 20th Century: The Rise of the “Modern” Family –Companionate Family – Built upon mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility and personal happiness National Events: World Wars and the Great Depression –Example: Coming of Age in the Depression

17. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Families in the 20th Century: The Rise of the “Modern” Family Post-World War II: The Unique 1950s –Fertility Rates – The number of births to women Social Change and the 1960s and 1970s

18. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Recent Family Issues and Their Historical Roots An Example: Families and the Changing Economy

19. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008