1. Water supply: Will our taps run dry?
Lower Secondary Geography 2014
Name: _________________________ ( )
Class: ________
Date: ____________

2. Measures taken to avoid water shortage in Singapore
Section 4: How can Singapore avoid water shortage? Learning outcomes (things you need to know about this topic!)
Step 1: DESCRIBE
Step 2: EXPLAIN
Measures taken to avoid water shortage in Singapore
Step 1: Describe the measures taken to avoid water shortage in Singapore
Step 2: Explain the measures taken to
Step 3: Describe the advantages and disadvantages
Step 3: DESCRIBE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

3. What do we do to avoid water shortage?
(a)(ii) NEWater
(a)(iii) Desalinated water
(a)(i) Local catchment
(a)(iv) Imported water
(a) Increase water supply
What do we do to avoid water shortage?
(Measures)
(c) Conservation of water
(b) Decrease water consumption
(c)(i) Protection of water resources
(b)(i) Pricing of water
(b)(ii) Public education

4. STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
(a)(i) Increase water supply  Local catchment areas
STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
S_________ C___________:
‘Land over which water is caught’
area over which rain falls and is collected. (drains, canals, water collection ponds etc.)
STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)
The water collected is then transported and stored in r___________.

5. STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
(a)(i) Increase water supply  Local catchment areas
STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
Takes advantage of Singapore’s high rainfall
Can also be r___________ areas
Advantages
Less land can be used for h_________ and industries
When there is little rain  catchment areas are not used  not effective.
Disadvantages

6. STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
(a)(ii) Increase water supply  NEWater
STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
NEWater is drinking water that is p_________ and made from used water.
STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)
With clever planning & t______________, fresh water can now be obtained from used water. Thus, no new source of water is needed.

7. How is NEWater produced?
(a)(ii) Increase water supply  NEWater
How is NEWater produced?
TREATED U___ WATER
R_________ O_________
MICROFILTRATION
ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION

8. STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
(a)(ii) Increase water supply  NEWater
STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
Not dependent on rainfall. In times of low rainfall,  water supply will not be affected.
NEWater is u______- p_____  good source for the water fabrication industry
Advantages
E______________ to produce
The public may find it difficult to drink water that they know comes from used water.
Disadvantages

9. STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
(a)(iii) Increase water supply  Desalinated water
STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
Desalination:
The process of removing dissolved s____ & other minerals from water  produces d___________ water
STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)
As only s_________ is used for desalination, a new source of freshwater is not required. Instead, more drinkable water is produced from our present water resources.

10. How is fresh water produced from ocean water?
(a)(iii) Increase water supply  Desalinated water
How is fresh water produced from ocean water?

11. STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
(a)(iii) Increase water supply  Desalinated water
STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
N__ dependent on rainfall  can be used during a d____ s_____.
Singapore is surrounded by a lot of seawater  makes desalination a good choice
Advantages
Very expensive to produce
Large amounts of salt and chemical solutions are produced  if disposed of i_____________, will lead to w_______ p___________.
Disadvantages

12. STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
(a)(iv) Increase water supply  Imported water
STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
Singapore signing agreements with J_____ (Malaysia) to import water.
Import: to bring a product over to a country to be sold
STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)
With the existing agreement, Singapore will receive water from Johor till 2061.

13. STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
(a)(iv) Increase water supply  Imported water
STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
Does not require land  frees up land for other uses
C_________ as compared to NEWater and desalinated water
Advantages
May not be enough to meet water needs
Water agreements between countries eventually end  there is no g___________ of future water agreements
Disadvantages

14. STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
(b)(i) Decrease water consumption  Pricing of water
STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
Water Conservation Tax:
A pricing system where an additional amount of money is charged based on water consumption
STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)
The pricing system encourages people to r_______ their water consumption  the more water you use, the higher the tax rate you have to pay.

15. STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
(b)(i) Decrease water consumption  Pricing of water
STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
People will be more cautious about the amount of water they use.
Water pricing reflects the cost of producing clean water  people can a____________ the v______ of clean water & not take water for granted.
Advantages
For industries that use a lot of water, the high pricing of water may be passed on to the paying customer with the high price of the goods manufactured.
The rich may still be able to afford the high tax  they will still continue using any amount of water they want.
Disadvantages

16. STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
(b)(ii) Decrease water consumption  Public education
STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
a) Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS): educates the public on water c___________ through using w______-e_________ appliances
b) Water saving kit
STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)
WELS allows consumers to make informed choices when buying household products (eg. Washing machines). They will know which appliances use less water than others.

17. STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
(b)(ii) Decrease water consumption  Public education
STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
Public education can teach many people about the true i______________ of water in their lives
Such education has the potential to make lasting positive changes in the way people use water
Advantages
It takes t______ to change people’s behaviour.
It’s success depends on whether people choose to respond positively.
Disadvantages

18. STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
(c) Conservation of water Protection of water resources
STEP 1: DESCRIBE what this measure is
Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters  a prog. to promote the enjoyment of Singapore’s waters
‘Friends of Water’ prog.  encourages public to care for our waterways
STEP 2: EXPLAIN what this measure is (be able to state how this measure helps to prevent water shortage)
ABC Waters: helps people to get closer to water & e______ SG’s water  making us want to p_________ the water we have
FOW Prog: helps to educate people on how to preserve our water

19. STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
3. Conservation of water Protection of water resources
STEP 3: DESCRIBE the advantages and disadvantages
C____-e_________ way to ensure clean water
Everyone can enjoy a healthy environment when we all play our part
Advantages
It’s success is dependent on effective public education and everyone’s c____________
Disadvantages