1. Organic Chemistry

2. Organic Chemistry All about CARBON!!!! 4 electrons available and
ready to bond
Carbon also likes to bond
with other Carbon
this makes carbon chains!

3. Organic Chemistry Forms strong bonds (covalent) with
Oxygen (2)
Hydrogen (1)
Sulfur (3)
Nitrogen (3)
Because Carbon is so versatile and
strong it is often called a “carbon backbone”
Two or more atoms make a
molecule
H2O
NaCl

4. Organic Chemistry Vocab: Molecule: when two or more atoms bond
Ex: H2O & NaCl
Monomer: small groups of molecules that bond with other groups of molecules
Ex: Glucose & Fructose
Polymer: Several monomers bonded together
Ex: Starch & DNA
Macromolecule: several polymers bonded together
Ex: Carbohydrates & Lipids
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MOLECULE: ( )
Monomer( )
Polymer ( )
Macromolecule ( )

5. Organic Chemistry Four Main Categories Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Nucleic Acids
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6. Carbohydrates Made of: Monomer: monosaccharide Polymer: Polysaccharide
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Monomer: monosaccharide
Ex: Glucose & Fructose
Polymer: Polysaccharide
Ex: Starch
Functions: easy/short term energy storage
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7. Lipids Made of: Monomer: Glycerol & Fatty Acids
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Monomer: Glycerol &
Fatty Acids
Functions: long term energy storage, cell structure and cell-to-cell communication
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8. Lipids Energy Storage Lots of potential energy in the fatty acid tails
Ex: Fats & Oils
Lots of potential energy in the
fatty acid tails
Long-term energy storage,
but harder to break down than carbs
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9. Lipids Nonpolar (don’t dissolve in water) Cell Structure:
Phospholipids
Hydrophilic (water loving) head
Hydrophobic tail (water fearing)
Creates a bilayer  cell membranes!!!
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10. Lipids Cell-to-cell communication Steroids!! Cholesterol
Response to stress
Ring shaped
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Cholesterol:
Steroid structure

11. Proteins Made of: Monomer: Amino Acids Polymer: Proteins
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Proteins
Functions: Cell regulation, control rate of reaction, and helping build bone & muscle
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Structure
Food:

12. Nucleic Acids Made of: Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: DNA & RNA!!!
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Monomer: Nucleotide
Polymer: DNA & RNA!!!
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13. Nucleic Acids
Function: Store and transmitting (passing on) genetic information!
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