1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Carbon: the element of life

2. Important Terms to Know Organic molecule: anything containing carbon Carbon is an essential molecule in all living things Can make up to 4 bonds with other atoms- versatile Monomer: a single unit Polymer: a structure made of many single units, or monomers Example: a beaded necklace The beads are all monomers The necklace, put together, is a polymer.

3. Carbohydrates Carbohydrate monomers are called monosaccharides Monomer examples Glucose (C 6 H 12 0 6 ) Galactose (C 6 H 12 0 6 ) Fructose (C 6 H 12 0 6 ) General Structure of the monomer- a ring

4. Carbohydrates Functions Provide short term energy to an organism Provides structure to cell walls (cellulose) Polymers Name of polymerFunction CelluloseStructure for plant cell walls StarchEnergy storage for plants, in vacuole GlycogenEnergy storage in animals, in liver and muscles

5. Carbohydrates Fun Facts The human body can not digest cellulose! Anyone want to provide evidence for this?

6. Lipids Lipids are also known as fats Monomers are made of (there are no polymers): 1. A glycerol 2. At least one fatty acid tail Examples of lipids are: monoglyceride, triglyceride, saturated fat, unsaturated fat General Structure

7. Lipids Functions Provide long term energy to an organism Provides structure of cell membranes (phospholipids) Insulation Saturated vs. Unsaturated fats Saturated fats have hydrogens at every possible spot (solids) Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond (liquids)

8. Lipids Fun Facts

9. Proteins Protein monomers are called amino acids Monomer examples- there are 20 different amino acids Valine, tryptophan, serine General Structure of the monomer-

10. Proteins Functions (just a few- there are MANY!) Make up muscle Make reactions happen faster (catalyst)- ENZYMES Make antibodies to help you fight infections- ANTIBODIES Polymers look like this: they are HUGE and very complex

11. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acid monomers are called nucleotides Monomers (nucleotides) are made up of 1. Nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G- or U in RNA) 2. Phosphate group 3. 5 carbon sugar (either deoxyribose-DNA or ribose-RNA) General Structure of the monomer-

12. Nucleic Acids Functions Code of life Central dogma of biology: DNA  RNA  Protein - -  Traits Polymers Name of polymerFunction DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Permanent code for all traits RNA (ribonucleic acid)Disposable copy of genes- code for a protein

13. Nucleic Acids DNA- double helix RNA- single stranded

14. Foods? What foods that you eat contain each of these 4 organic molecules? Carbohydrates? Lipids? Proteins? Nucleic Acids?