1. Chapter 3 – Dynamics and Diversity Instructor: Wendy Crapo

2. a. Technology b. School c. Crime d. Family rituals e. Extended families f. Neighbors g. Divorce rate h. Parents at work i. Religion List differences between 1959 and 2000 in:

3. HISTORY COLONIAL Strong morals & high value on marriage, marriages were stable with strong extended families. Families = economic units Children = believed to be evil by nature & economic assets Adolescents = didn’t exist (short childhood to adulthood) Afro American families unique: due to slavery (marriage prohibited thus created their own) Native Americans: small families, high mortality rate No physical discipline but shamed publicly Many ceremonies and rituals.

4. Industrialization = change  Industrialization = change Shift from self sacrificing to individualism  Shift from self sacrificing to individualism Shift from self sufficient farmer to wage earner  Shift from self sufficient farmer to wage earner Men were “Bread Winners” doing real work with higher status than women  Men were “Bread Winners” doing real work with higher status than women Women were “Homemakers” creating children that were not dependent on father = less control  Women were “Homemakers” creating children that were not dependent on father = less control Families = emotional support/care for young  Families = emotional support/care for young Creation of adolescents & dependence on family  Creation of adolescents & dependence on family Education in school, not the family  Education in school, not the family Married for love and lower birthrates.  Married for love and lower birthrates. 19 th Century

5. Families lost traditional economic, education and welfare functions = filled emotional needs mainly  Families lost traditional economic, education and welfare functions = filled emotional needs mainly 1920 Companionate marriage = spouses shared tasks and decisions  1920 Companionate marriage = spouses shared tasks and decisions Marriage = romance & sexual fulfillment  Marriage = romance & sexual fulfillment Women no longer guardians of virtue and sexual restraint.  Women no longer guardians of virtue and sexual restraint. Children to experience world and not be protected.  Children to experience world and not be protected. Children treated more democratically & could express emotions.  Children treated more democratically & could express emotions. 20 CENTURY

6. Women went to work.  Women went to work. 1950’s – Exceptional “Golden Age”.  1950’s – Exceptional “Golden Age”. Baby boom, decline in divorce, prosperity.  Baby boom, decline in divorce, prosperity. 1970’s – Dual income families.  1970’s – Dual income families. Married later & fewer children.  Married later & fewer children. Shift from self sacrifice to individualism.  Shift from self sacrifice to individualism. Immigrants experience impoverishment but survived due to families  Immigrants experience impoverishment but survived due to families Depression

7. 1. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY a. Lower birthrate b. Later marriage c. Increased divorce d. Increased cohabitation e. Live longer  Factors Promoting Change 1. Economics – women worked = conflict 2. Technology – computers, appliances 3. Gender roles – struggle for equity CHANGING FAMILY

10. Top Disciplinary Problems According to Public School Teachers Talking out of turnTalking out of turn Chewing gumChewing gum Making noiseMaking noise Running in hallsRunning in halls Cutting in lineCutting in line Dress code infractionDress code infraction LitteringLittering Drug abuse Alcohol abuse Pregnancy Suicide Rape Robbery Assault

11. Economics – Need or single parent.  Changing gender roles – personal fulfillment.  Family life cycle changes – live longer and fewer children. 1. Leaves 25 years for a woman to work. 3. DUAL INCOME

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14. Family cycle changes (cont.)  Suggestions: 1. Define situation. 2. Set priorities. 3. Compartmentalize work and family roles. 4. Compromise careers. 5. Reorganize. 6. Get organized 7. Strengthen marriage. 8. Buy time. 9. Establish like friendships. 10. Negotiate work arrangements.

15. In many ways families are better: 1. Men are better fathers 2. Women get more respect 3. Women have economic clout 4. Women enjoy fulfilling careers 5. Children learning new values about men/women’s roles 6. Day care creates a new social life for children and parents 7. Marriage of equals 8. Family ties come first

16. 4. SOCIAL CLASS VARIATIONS  Upper class – 3% of population Wealth and prestige  Middle class – largest  Working class Voiced with no assets   Lower class 15% of the population Under skilled and underemployed

17. SOCIAL CLASS VARIATIONS 1. Class affects health, politics, safety, longevity, religion. 2 Marriage a. Upper class = less equitable b. Middle = equalitarian & dual incomes c. Lower = feminization of poverty 3.Children a. Upper = boarding school b. Middle = Autonomy c. Lower = Compliance and single parents 4.Extended Families a. Upper = name and ancestry b. Middle = fewer family ties c. Lower = Kin ties economically

18. RACIAL & ETHNIC DIVERSITY Is social & economical mobility available to all citizens of the US (American Dream)? Discuss AgreeDisagree

19. AFRICAN AMERICAN  Economically disadvantaged High unwed mother rate  High diversity  Value: Kinship relationships & children  Dual income common

20. LATINO AMERICAN  Fastest growing and largest ethnic group 1. Due to immigration and high birth rate. 2. White is largest, displaced blacks as second. Value: Extended kinship relationships, cooperation Characteristics 1. Mutual assistance between extended family and children 2. Bilingualism maintains identity 3. Catholicism

21. ASIAN AMERICAN  New generation accepting different values than the old generation  Large increase in immigrants  Values: 1. Family 1 st then individual 2. Self Control 3. Cultural heritage 4. Strong parent control  Better educated and highest income of all groups.

22. NATIVE AMERICAN Tribal identity more important than being a Native American Interracial marriages high Kinship based on clans rather than blood Values: 1. Extended families 2. Tribal heritage

23. CAUCASIAN AMERICAN WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DO CAUCASIAN AMERICANS SHARE?

24. VOCABULARY 1.Patrilineal: rights & property flowed from father 2.Matrilineal: rights & property flowed from mother 3.Familism: self sacrificing for family. Changed with individualism 4.Companionate Marriage: sharing of decisions, romance, woman treated democratically & allowed to express feelings. 5.Assisted Reproductive Technology: many can become parents who couldn't before.

25. VOCABULARY cont’d 6. Feminization of Poverty: single women with children are dominating poverty. Unstable lower class marriages & absence of fathers. 7. Fictive Kin Ties: ties extend to neighbors and friends. 8. Social Mobility: easy of movement up or down social status. 9. Racial Group: such as African American, white, Asian 10. Phenotype: anatomical & physical characteristics.

26. VOABULARY cont’d 11. Ethnic Group: cultural characteristics – lang, religion, customs from 1 generation to next. 12. Minority Groups: either ethnic or racial depends on social experience. 13. Status: position in social hierarchy. Growing importance of ethnicity (culture) rather than race (skin color). 14. Clans: not necessarily blood related. "Grandmother" may be an aunt. 15. Symbolic Identity: Identify self with ancestors only when one chooses.