1. Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 5 Network Addressing

2. Objectives Describe the purpose of an IP Address and Subnet Mask and how they are used on the Internet Describe the types of IP Addresses available Describe the methods of obtaining an IP Address Describe the use of NAT on a home or small business network using an ISR

4. Purpose of an IP Address Each host needs IP to communicate Logical address Assigned to the NIC ▫ Computers, network printer, router interfaces Remember ▫ Packet has source & destination IP

5. Everything is IP Complete Packet Tracer 5.1.1.2 “Connecting to a Web Server Using IP”

6. IP Address Facts Logical (not physical like MAC) IPv4 32 bits, 4 octets ▫ 8 bits in each octet ▫ 11111111.10101010.11001100.00100101 Written in decimal ▫ 192.101.28.36 Value in each octet from 0-255 ▫ That’s a total of 256 numbers.

7. Convert binary to decimal Add up the values of the binary 1’s 128 6432168421 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 ▫ 156 11100101 ▫ 229

8. Binary/Decimal Conversions How to Do Conversions Handout Binary & Decimal Conversions Practice Binary Game in Curriculum 5.1.2.3

9. Review

10. Parts of an IP Address Network portion ▫ Identifies network to the router ▫ Router cares about this part Host portion ▫ Identifies the specific host ▫ Router doesn’t care about this part  Hierarchical Addressing 192.175.36.9

11. Activity

12. IP & Subnet Mask Interaction Subnet Mask ▫ Helps router decide which network packet is on ▫ Helps show which part of IP is network & host ▫ 32 bits ▫ 192.168.6.5 255.255.255.0 Binary 1’s - ID the network portion Binary 0’s - ID the host portion

13. What network are these on? ANDing

14. ANDing- What network? 199.81.210.17 255.255.255.240 What network does this belong to?

15. Review

16. How many hosts? Unsubnetted SM helps tells us how many hosts are on that network ▫ 255.255.255.00000000 ▫ Binary 0= identifies # of hosts on that network ▫ 8 ZEROS is 2 8 =256 ▫ Subtract 2 for useable number  Unusable:  00000000 (.0) is the network ID  11111111 (.255) is the broadcast address for a network  Total Useable is 254

17. How many total & useable hosts? SM 255.255.255.128 ▫ 128= 10000000 ▫ 2 7 = 128-2 is 126 hosts SM 255.255.255.224 ▫ 224= 11100000 ▫ 2 5 = 32-2 is 30 hosts SM 255.255.240.0 ▫.240.0= 11110000.00000000 ▫ 2 12 = 4096-2 is 4094 hosts

18. Figure It Out One PC is 192.168.18.107 255.255.255.0 ▫ What is network does it belong to? ▫ How many useable hosts? ▫ Give PC’s addresses.

19. Binary/Dec/Hex Hex= MAC address 0-9, A-F (10-15) AB

20. Handout & Lab 5.1.4 Lab (No Calculator) Homework- Decimal/Hex/Binary Conversion

21. Review 1.Which version IP addresses are we dealing with? ▫ IPv4 2.How many bits in an IP address? ▫ 32 3.How many octets in an IP address? ▫4▫4 4.Which part of this address is the host portion? 199.81.71.6 ▫6▫6

22. Review 1.Which network does this belong on? 201.14.6.5 255.255.255.0 ▫ 201.14.6.0 network 2.How many total hosts can be on that network? Useable? ▫ 256 ▫ 254, why?

24. IP Classes & Default SM Class A ▫ Large organizations ▫ 1-127 ▫ Default SM= 255.0.0.0  One octet for network, 3 octets for hosts ▫ How many hosts available?  2 24 = over 16 million ▫ 10.52.33.7 ▫ N.H.H.H ▫ 255.0.0.0 ▫ 120.111.99.87

25. Class A Example 15.7.92.5 255.0.0.0 15= Class A Default SM for Class A= 255.0.0.0 Network portion of address= 15. Host portion=.7.92.5 Network ID= 15.0.0.0 ▫ All zero’s in the host portion Broadcast address= 15.255.255.255 ▫ All binary one’s in the host portion

26. IP Classes & Default SM Class B ▫ Medium organizations ▫ 128-191 ▫ Default SM= 255.255.0.0  Two octets for network, 2 octets for hosts ▫ How many hosts available?  2 16 = over 65,000 ▫ 130.52.33.7 ▫ N.N.H.H ▫ 255.255.0.0 ▫ 185.111.99.87

27. Class B Example 167.101.52.36 255.255.0.0 167= Class B Default SM for Class B= 255.255.0.0 Network portion of address= 167.101 Host portion=.52.36 Network ID= 167.101.0.0 ▫ All zero’s in the host portion Broadcast address= 167.101.255.255 ▫ All binary one’s in the host portion

28. IP Classes & Default SM Class C ▫ Small organizations ▫ 192-223 ▫ Default SM= 255.255.255.0  Three octets for network, 1 octet for hosts ▫ How many hosts available?  2 8 = 256-2 (254 useable) ▫ 199.52.33.7 ▫ N.N.N.H ▫ 255.255.255.0 ▫ 220.111.99.87

29. Class C Example 210.44.200.89 255.255.255.0 210= Class C Default SM for Class C= 255.255.255.0 Network portion of address= 210.44.200 Host portion=.89 Network ID= 210.44.200.0 ▫ All zero’s in the host portion Broadcast address= 210.44.200.255 ▫ All binary one’s in the host portion

30. Other IP Classes & More Class D & E not for commercial use ▫ D is multicast (one to a group) ▫ 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255 All 0’s in host portion(s) = network ID All 1’s in host portion(s)= broadcast CAN NOT USE THOSE FOR HOSTS!

31. IP Cheat Sheet

32. Handouts Activity on 5.2.1.2 Lots of Practice!

33. Public/Private IP’s Address Class Address Range A10.0.0.0- 10.255.255.255 B172.16.0.0- 172.31.255.255 C192.168.0.0- 192.168.255.255 Some addresses are reserved & can not be routed across Internet You can have a public IP for network/servers & private for hosts inside ▫ Saves IP addresses

34. Private IP’s If host does not connect DIRECTLY to Internet, it can have a private IP Router BLOCKS private IP’s Great Security!!! ▫ Private IP’s can not be seen from Internet 127.0.0.0 range is reserved for loopback testing

35. Private Nets- 5.2.2.3 Activity

36. Review

37. Unicast Address Communication One-to-one or Source to destination

38. Broadcast Address Communication One-to-all or Source to all in segment All hosts will look at it All 1’s in host portion(s) of address Broadcast IP & MAC (all F’s) Default Broadcasts ▫ A- 10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 ▫ B- 172.16.255.255 255.255.0.0 ▫ C- 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.0

39. Broadcast Address Communication

40. Multicast Address Communication One-to-group Class D 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255 Multicast MAC begins with 01-00-5E Where is it used? ▫ Gaming ▫ Distance learning

41. Multicast Communication

42. Which one, based on the MAC? Unicast, Multicast, or Broadcast

43. Activity & Handout 5.2.3.4 Handout DOS ▫ Netstat –e ▫ Do this every 10 seconds ▫ Pay attention to non-unicast packets

44. Review 1.160.50.23.6 255.255.0.0; What network is this on? ▫ 160.50.0.0 2.Which default SM has the most hosts? ▫ Class A 255.0.0.0 ▫ Over 16 million! 3.How many useable hosts in a Class C? ▫ 254 4.220.101.5.90 255.255.255.0; What network is this on? ▫ 220.101.5.0

45. Review 1.What are the private IP addresses? ▫ 10, 172.16-172.31, 192.168. 2.What is the MAC broadcast frame in hex? ▫ FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 3.What is the MAC for a multicast? ▫ 01-00-5E 4.One to one communication is… ▫ Unicast 5.To send a unicast message, which addresses do you need? ▫ Source & dest. IP & MAC

47. Assigning IP Addresses Static ▫ Manually type in IP Address ▫ Good for printers or servers  Devices people access all the time  You wouldn’t want their address changing! ▫ Good documentation!!!!

48. Assigning IP Addresses Dynamic ▫ Assigned auto by DHCP server ▫ Assigns IP, SM, DG, more ▫ Good for larger networks or with mobile/new devices ▫ Leased addresses

49. Assigning IP Addresses Admins have a pool of IP addresses ▫ DHCP assigns from the pool SOHO routers usually have DHCP Medical field- ▫ Legal requirement ▫ Must track who is on machine ▫ DHCP server assigns & keeps log of users

50. DHCP Servers How you get on the net in a hotel, Starbucks, or BK Either dedicated server or mixed in another device ▫ From ISP or on your ISR

51. How DHCP Works

52. Configuring DHCP on Linksys 192.168.1.1 Packet Tracer Lab 5.3.3.3

53. Review 1.Which addresses does a host use to discover a DHCP server? ▫ 255.255.255.255 ▫ FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF 2.Who sees that? Who responds? ▫ All on the segment ▫ The DHCP server 3.What happens to a PC’s IP when you shut down? ▫ Goes back to the DHCP pool of addresses

55. Network Boundaries

56. The Network In & Out

57. How to Connect to the ISP Directly ▫ 1 PC to a modem ▫ PC gets address from ISP ISR ▫ Modem to ISR ▫ Internal PC’s get addresses from ISR Gateway Device ▫ ISR & Modem in one ▫ Internal gets private IP’s

58. How to Connect to the ISP

59. NAT Translates private into public addresses Prevents external from seeing internal

60. NAT Translation A private (local) source IP address is translated to a public (global) address. ▫ The process is reversed for incoming packets. ▫ The integrated router is able to translate many internal IP addresses to the same public address, by using NAT.

61. NAT Example

62. Packet Tracer 5.4.3.2

63. Review 1.Which address does the PC need to access the Internet? ▫ Default gateway address of the ISR 2.Which devices translates NAT? ▫ ISR

64. Review- 11 Questions

65. Advanced Review- 6 Questions

66. Network Addressing Networking for Home & Small Business