1. CHEMICAL BONDS How atoms combine to form different bonds How to predict what type of bond will form

2. TYPES OF BONDS Electrons are what cause atoms to “bond.” Two main types of bonding IONIC bonding: atoms transfer electrons COVALENT bonding: atoms share electrons

3. IONIC BONDS Held by +/- attraction Form ions (e- transfer) & conduct electricity OPPOSITE sides of Periodic Table non-metal + metal

4. IONIC BONDING PRACTICE: draw the formation of sodium chloride Step 1: Na + Cl  Na + Cl Step 2: draw dots around the reactants Step 3: draw dots and charges around the products sodium gives e leaving it with a full valence orbital chlorine gains e- leaving it with a full valence orbital

5. PREDICTING IONIC BONDING Opposite sides of PT (i.e. metal + non-metal) Opposite sides of PT (i.e. metal + non-metal) Big difference in Electronegativity (≥ 1.8) Big difference in Electronegativity (≥ 1.8)

6. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS 1.Name of 1 st element (metal) 2.Root of 2 nd element (nonmetal) 3.Root + “-ide” LiF lithium + fluorine  lithium fluoride MgO magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide

7. COVALENT BONDS Held by sharing electrons (co=togethervalent=valence e-) Does NOT conduct electricity Usually same side of PT non-metal + non-metal or metal + metal Special type of covalent is metal to metal = metallic bond

8. COVALENT BONDING

9. PREDICTING COVALENT BONDING Same sides of PT (non-metal + non-metal) Same sides of PT (non-metal + non-metal) Small difference in Electronegativity (< 1.8) Small difference in Electronegativity (< 1.8)

10. NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS 1. Same as ionic (add –ide) 2. Add prefixes:  First Word 1 = (understood) 1 = (understood) 2 = di 2 = di 3 = tri 3 = tri 4 = tetra 4 = tetra 5 = penta 5 = penta 6 = hexa 6 = hexa  Second Word 1 = mono 1 = mono 2 = di 2 = di 3 = tri 3 = tri 4 = tetra 4 = tetra 5 = penta 5 = penta 6 = hexa 6 = hexa

11. PRACTICE NAMING CO Carbon monoxide CO 2 Carbon dioxide SO 2 sulfur dioxide CCl 4 Carbon tetrachloride H2OH2OH2OH2O Dihydrogen monoxide Si 5 P 4 Pentasilicon tetraphosphide

12. PREDICTING BONDS USING PT & ELECTRONEGATIVITY How can you tell if a bond is ionic or covalent? Opposite or same sides of PT (covalent = SAME) ELECTRONEGATIVITY! (the ability to attract e-) Electronegativity difference ≥ 1.8 = IONIC < 1.8 = COVALENT IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND

13. Bonding practice: NaCl 0.93.0 3.0 -.9 2.1 >1.8? Yes! IONIC NaCl metalnon-metal Opposite sides? Yes!IONIC

14. Bonding practice: C Clnon-metal Opposite side? No!COVALENT CCl 2.53.0 3.0 -2.5 0.5 >1.8? No!COVALENT