1. World War I

2. Soldiers, sailors, airmen involved: 65,038,810 Military deaths: 8,020,780 Civilian deaths: 6,642,633 Military wounded: 21,228,813 Approximate cost in early 20 th -century dollars: $281,887,000,000 The Great War?

5. Background 1905: Russia & Japan warred for territory 1911: Italy and Turkey warred and carved out Libya from the Ottoman Empire’s African holdings 1912: Serbia, Bulgaria, & Greece fought the Turks; won most Turkish territory in Europe 1913: Bulgaria fought Balkan neighbors, wanting bigger share of former-Turkish lands (failed attempt)

6. The Key Players Germany Austria-Hungary Serbia France Russia Great Britain Belgium Italy Turkey Bulgaria Romania United States Japan

8. Entangling Alliances 1914 July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia July 31: Russia (ally of Serbia) mobilizes troops Aug 1: Germany (ally of Austria-Hungary) mobilizes military and declares war on Russia Aug 3: France (ally of Russia) mobilizes troops; Germany declares war on France Aug 4: Germany declares war on neutral Belgium; Great Britain/Canada/Australia/New Zealand (ally of Belgium) and Liberia declare war on Germany Aug 5: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia Aug 6: Serbia declares war on Germany

9. Entangling Alliances Aug 10: France declares war on Austria-Hungary Aug 12: Great Britain declares war on A-H Aug 23: Japan declares war on Germany Aug 25: A-H declares war on Japan; Japan declares war on A-H Aug 28: A-H declares war on Belgium Nov 2: Serbia declares war on Turkey Nov 5: Great Britain declares war on Turkey

10. Triple Entente Great Britain France Russia Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Britain and FranceGermany and Austria Soldiers 1,578,0002,400,000 Horses 490,000544,000 Artillery guns 5,00010,000 Machine guns 2,4003,500 Russia had a huge army of 1,700,000 men. It was poorly equipped and led. Italy had a small army which was poorly equipped. Source: John Welham, Britain and the Great War (Folens,1992)

12. Entangling Alliances 1915 May 23: Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary June 3: San Marino declares war on A-H Aug 21: Italy declares war on Turkey Aug 28: Italy declares war on Germany Oct 14: Bulgaria declares war on Serbia Oct 15: Great Britain & Montenegro declare war on Bulgaria Oct 16: France declares war on Bulgaria Oct 19: Italy & Russia declare war on Bulgaria

13. Entangling Alliances 1916 March 9: Portugal declares war on Germany; Germany declares war on Portugal March 15: Austria-Hungary declares war on Portugal March 16: Portugal declares war on Austria- Hungary Aug 27: Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary Aug 30: Turkey declares war on Romania Sept 1: Bulgaria declares war on Romania

14. Entangling Alliances 1917 April 6: U.S. declares war on Germany April 23: Turkey severs relations with the U.S. June 27: Greece declares war on A-H, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey Dec 7: U.S. declares war on Austria-Hungary Also… – Uruguay, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia sever ties with Germany – Cuba and Brazil declare war on Germany – China, Panama, and Siam declare war on Austria-Hungary and Germany

15. Entangling Alliances 1918 May 7: Romania exits war due to Treaty of Bucharest Nov 10: Romania re-enters war Also… – Costa Rica, Guatemala, Haiti, and Honduras declare war on Germany – Nicaragua declares war on Germany and Austria- Hungary Finally: The 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month… Armistice Day

17. 1914 by Wilfred Owen War broke: and now the Winter of the world With perishing great darkness closes in. The foul tornado, centred at Berlin, Is over all the width of Europe whirled, Rending the sails of progress. Rent or furled Are all Art’s ensigns. Verse wails. Now begin Famines of thought and feeling. Love’s wine’s thin. The grain of human Autumn rots, down-hurled. For after Spring had bloomed in early Greece, And Summer blazed her glory out with Rome, An Autumn softly fell, a harvest home, A slow grand age, and rich with all increase. But now, for us, wild Winter, and the need Of sowings for new Spring, and blood for seed.

18. Credits http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~worldwarone/W WI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/images/Figure9-Page11.jpg http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~worldwarone/W WI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/images/Figure9-Page11.jpg http://0.tqn.com/d/history1900s/1/0/M/3/wwi15.gif http://b.vimeocdn.com/ts/375/504/375504235_640.jpg http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/europe_1911.jpg http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/europe_1911.jpg The Complete Idiot’s Guide to World War I by Alan Axelrod. Alpha Books. 2000. http://neplains.com/ProductImages/pcmili/pcMili- RoundingThemUpFlags-p1917-a.jpg http://neplains.com/ProductImages/pcmili/pcMili- RoundingThemUpFlags-p1917-a.jpg http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/declarationsofwar.htm http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/timeline/time_1916.html http://www.pandahunters.com/images/europe%201919.gif