1. Virtualization 101

2. The Best Way to Run Windows on Your Mac
MAC OS X VMware Image for AMD

3. The Easiest Way to Run a Virtual Machine

4. What is Virtualization?
虚拟化

5. Types of Virtualization
Desktop Virtualization
Server Virtualization
Network Virtualization
Storage Virtualization
Application Virtualization

6. Vendors of Virtualization

7. Benefits from Virtualization
Save money and energy
Simplify management

8. Desktop Virtualization
VMware Workstation (Local)
Microsoft Virtual PC (Local)
Citrix XenDesktop (Centralized)

9. Desktop Virtualization Architecture
Applications
Applications
Applications
Guest OS (Windows)
Guest OS (Linux)
Guest OS (VMware ESX)
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
P h y s i c a l
Virtual Machine Manager
Host OS
Hardware

10. Components of Virtual Machines?
Configuration file
Hard disk file(s)
Virtual machine state file
In-memory file

11. Features of VMware Workstation 7.0
Windows 7
Cross-Platform License Keys
Aero Glass
Pause a Virtual Machine
Windows XP Mode Compatible
Expand Virtual Disks
3D Graphics Improvements for Windows XP guests
Compact Virtual Disks
Shared Folder Compatibility
vSphere 4.0 and ESX Support
On-Demand VMware Tools Download
Virtual Printing
Drag and Drop Enhancements
Four-Way SMP
Virtual Network Editor
32GB Guest Memory
Fuse Mount for Linux
256-bit Encryption
Simplified Collection of Support Information
AutoProtect
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA)
IPv6 Support
Windows 7 — Create and run Windows 7 32-bit and 64-bit virtual machines using VMware Workstation. VMware Workstation has been enhanced for performance and to take advantage of the new Windows 7 features including Live Thumbnails and Aero Peek.
Aero Glass — A new Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) graphics driver has been developed for Windows Vista and Windows 7 virtual machines. The WDDM driver can display the Windows Aero user interface, OpenGL 1.4, and Shader Model 3.0. For more information on the VMware recommended graphics hardware, see the VMware Workstation User’s Manual.
Windows XP Mode Compatible — Import a Windows XP Mode virtual machine using VMware Workstation 7.0 and run the virtual machine without being prompted to enter a Windows XP license key. VMware Workstation enables the Windows XP Mode virtual machine to take advantage of more than one processor, render high-end graphics, integrate seamlessly with Unity, and transfer files easily with drag and drop, and shared folders. VMware Workstation also has the ability to run concurrently with Windows XP Mode.
3D Graphics Improvements for Windows XP guests — OpenGL 2.1 and Shader Model 3.0 support is now available for Windows XP virtual machines. The XPDM (SVGAII) graphics driver works with Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7. However, only Windows XP virtual machines install the XPDM graphics driver by default. To switch graphics drivers in the guest operating system, see How to Switch Between SVGAII and WDDM Drivers.
vSphere 4.0 and ESX Support — Install and run ESX 4.0 as a guest operating system. VMware Certified Professionals (VCPs) and technical professionals can install the latest server virtualization software and experiment with server setup, conduct training, show demos, and test production configurations. Running ESX as a guest eliminates the need to have spare hardware available to run ESX natively and enables ESX to run on systems that are not listed on the ESX hardware compatibility list (HCL). For more information on the supported processors and host operating systems, see Considerations for Running an ESX Guest. This feature is intended for educational and demonstration purposes only and should not be used in production environments. To use this feature, you must download vSphere 4.0 from theVMware Web site and follow the installation documentation provided with vSphere to install ESX.
Virtual Printing — Print from virtual machines without mapping network printers or installing printer drivers in the virtual machine. With virtual printing enabled in the virtual machine setting, all of the printers installed on the host operating system are available in the guest operating system. This functionality is enabled through a partnership with ThinPrint, Inc.
Four-Way SMP — Create and run virtual machines with a total of four processor cores, which can consist of four single-core processors, two dual-core processors, or one quad-core processor like the new Intel i7.
32GB Guest Memory — Run virtual machines with up to 32GB of memory using VMware Workstation.
256-bit Encryption — Secure your virtual machines with AES256-bit encryption to prevent unauthorized users from accessing or running the configuration files.
AutoProtect —Schedule snapshots of your virtual machine to be created at a regular interval to ensure that you always have a snapshot available to revert to when needed.
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) — ALSA significantly improves the sound of virtual machines running on a Linux host and streams the audio from each virtual machine on a separate channel so that multiple virtual machines can be heard simultaneously.
Cross-Platform License Keys — Use the VMware Workstation 7.0 license key on both the Windows and Linux versions. Make sure you read the EULA for the terms and conditions that must be met when switching platforms.
Pause a Virtual Machine — Free your CPU resources instantaneously without powering off or suspending the virtual machine.
Expand Virtual Disks — Increase the size of the virtual disk from within VMware Workstation. For Windows Vista and Windows 7 guests, the disk partitions can be adjusted without the use of additional software.
Compact Virtual Disks — Reclaim unused space from a virtual disk so that the host or another virtual machine can use it.
Shared Folder Compatibility — Increased compatibility with many Windows applications that previously were unable to read or write files to shared folders.
On-Demand VMware Tools Download — On-demand download capability provides the latest VMware Tools for the guest operating system. This feature reduces the overall download size of VMware products by downloading only the required set of VMware Tools and and enables VMware to release new versions frequently.
Drag and Drop Enhancements — Drag and drop enhancements include support for new file types including images and formatted text and extend the existing ability to drag and drop files to a broader set of guest and host operating systems.
Virtual Network Editor — User interface enhancements have simplified creating and configuring virtual networks.
Fuse Mount for Linux — Use Fuse to mount .vmdk disks on to the file system of Linux hosts.
Simplified Collection of Support Information — Gather detailed information about multiple virtual machines and the host machine at the same time. The information is packaged in a compressed file so that you can it to VMware support or post it on the VMware Workstation forums.
IPv6 Support — Create a bridged connection to an IPv6 network on VMware Workstation virtual machines.
What’s New in VMware Workstation 7.1
Support for 8 virtual processors (or 8 virtual cores) and 2 TB virtual disks.
Support for OpenGL 2.1 for Windows Vista and Windows 7 guests.
Greatly improved DirectX 9.0 graphics performance for Windows Vista and Windows 7 guests. Up to 2x faster than Workstation 7.
Launch virtualized applications directly from the Windows 7 taskbar to create a seamless experience between applications in your virtual machines and the desktop.
Optimized performance for Intel's Core i3, i5, i7 processor family for faster virtual machine encryption and decryption.
Support for more Host and Guest Operating Systems, including: Hosts: Windows 2008 R2, Ubuntu 10.04, RHEL 5.4, and more Guests: Fedora 12, Ubuntu 10.04, RHEL 5.4, SEL 11 SP1, and more.
Now includes built in Automatic Updates feature to check, download, and install VMware Workstation updates.
Ability to import and export Open Virtualization Format (OVF 1.0) packaged virtual machines and upload directly to VMware vSphere, the industry's best platform for building cloud infrastructures.

12. Comparison VMware Workstation Costs more More host & guests support
Better features (Snapshots, USB)
64-bit hosts and guests
Microsoft Virtual PC
Free
Less hosts & guests support
Less VM features and capabilities

13. Uses
Development
Testing
Training

14. Server Virtualization
Software (SoftV)
Hardware (HardV)

15. SoftV Server Virtualization
VMware Server

16. SoftV Server Virtualization Architecture
Applications
Applications
Applications
Guest OS (Windows)
Guest OS (Linux)
Guest OS (VMware ESX)
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
P h y s i c a l
Virtual Machine Manager(Server Products)
Host OS(Server Products)
Hardware

17. HardV Server Virtualization
Microsoft Virtual Server
Citrix XenServer
VMware ESX Server
Microsoft Hyper-V Server
VMware ESXi Server

18. HardV Server Virtualization Architecture
Applications
Applications
Guest OS (Windows)
Guest OS (Linux)
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
Host OS
Virtualization Layer
P h y s i c a l
Hardware

19. HardV Server Virtualization Architecture
Applications
Applications
Applications
V i r t u a l
Guest OS (Windows)
Guest OS (Linux)
Guest OS (VMware ESX)
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
Host OS + Virtualization Layer
P h y s i c a l
Hardware

20. HardV Server Virtualization Architecture
Applications
Applications
Applications
V i r t u a l
Guest OS (Windows)
Guest OS (Linux)
Guest OS (VMware ESX)
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
Virtualization Layer (Hypervisor)
P h y s i c a l
Hardware

21. What is a hypervisor?
A hypervisor, also called a virtual machine manager (VMM), is a program that allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host. Each operating system appears to have the host's processor, memory, and other resources all to itself. However, the hypervisor is actually controlling the host processor and resources, allocating what is needed to each operating system in turn and making sure that the guest operating systems (called virtual machines) cannot disrupt each other.

22. ESX & ESXi
ESX has a Service Console is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 (Update 6) that is heavily modified and stripped down and is used for management purposes. During the boot process the Service Console bootstraps the VMKernel using initrd and then turns over full control of all hardware resources to the VMkernel. When the VMkernel takes over the hardware resources of the host, the Service Console is warm booted and managed as a privileged virtual machine within the VMkernel.
ESXi does not have a full Service Console but instead has a limited management console based on an implementation of the Posix variant of Unix within a Busybox framework and has many features that you will find in the full Service Console.
Understand the Difference between ESX and ESXi

23. Techniques of VMware VMotion Storage VMotion High Availability
Memory Reclamation

24. VMotion
VMotion allows you to quickly move an entire running virtual machine from one host to another without any downtime or interruption to the virtual machine This is also known as a “hot” or “live” migration.
The entire state of a virtual machine is encapsulated and the VMFS file system allows both the source and the target ESX host to access the virtual machine files concurrently. The active memory and precise execution state of a virtual machine can then be rapidly transmitted over a high speed network. The virtual machine retains its network identity and connections, ensuring a seamless migration process.
VMware VMotion

25. Storage VMotion
Storage VMotion is a new feature introduced in ESX 3.5, it allows you to migrate a running virtual machine and its disk files from one datastore to another on the same ESX host
The difference between VMotion and Storage VMotion is that VMotion simply moves a virtual machine from one ESX host to another but keeps the storage location of the VM the same, Storage VMotion on the other hand changes the storage location of the virtual machine while it is running and moves it to another datastore on the same ESX host. The virtual machine can be moved to any datastore on the ESX host which includes local and shared storage.
VMware Storage VMotion

26. High Availability (HA)
Continuously monitors all hosts in a cluster and restarts virtual machines affected by a host failure on other hosts
Can also monitor guest OS's for a failure via a heartbeat and restart them on the same host in case of a failure
Continuously monitors and chooses the optimal physical servers within a resource pool on which to restart virtual machines (if used in conjunction with DRS)
VMware High Availability

27. Memory Reclamation Transparent Page Sharing Ballooning
Hypervisor Swapping
Memory Compression
Understanding Memory Resource Management in VMware ESXi 4.1

28. No More…