1. Marine turtle conservation under CITES ---- CAFS research focus Thanks for: 1. SeaWorld/Busch GardenANIMALS,http://www.seaworld.org 2. SWOT,http://www.seaturtlestatus.org/ U.S.-China Meeting on Living Marine Resources Sea Turtle Workshop

2. INDEX Overview Legal Protection Sea turtles under CITES Awareness and suggestions Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

3. Taxonomy green turtle 绿海龟 (Chelonia mydas mydas) black turtle 黑海龟 (Chelonia mydas agassizii) flatback turtle 平背龟 (Natator depressus) hawksbill turtle 玳瑁 (Eretmochelys imbricata) Kemp‘s ridley turtle 肯氏龟 (Lepidochelys kempii) leatherback turtle 棱皮龟 (Dermochelys coriacea) loggerhead turtle 蠵龟, 红海龟 (Caretta caretta) olive ridley turtle 太平洋丽龟 (Lepidochelys olivacea) Source of data: http://www.seaworld.org Overview

4. Distribution loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) http://www.seaworld.org/ http://www.seaworld.org green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas mydas) Overview

5. olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) http://www.seaworld.org Overview Distribution Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

6. leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) http://www.seaworld.org Overview Distribution Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

7. Efforts from the World Establishing and strengthening protected areas around nesting beaches Raising awareness and promoting ecotourism at marine turtle sites Local communities involved in and benefit from protecting turtles and their nests Promoting regional and international agreements to conserve marine turtles Lobbying for turtle-friendly fishing practices, such as the use of turtle excluder devices in nets Halting the illegal trade of turtle meat and eggs, through TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network created by WWF and IUCN Overview Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

8. Legal Protection CITES is an international treaty, developed in 1973, to regulate trade in certain wildlife species. CITES Appendix I includes species identified as endangered (species faces a very high risk of extinction). Most efficient convention Give more concern on marine species in recent year Some special Methology is on design (IFS, F ) Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

9. Cheloniidae Cheloniidae spp *. Caretta caretta Chelonia mydas -103 Eretmochelys imbricata Lepidochelys kempii Lepidochelys olvacea Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea Appendices IIAppendices I Legal Protection Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

10. China is not party member, but with MOU signatory Legal Protection

11. Appendices II Appendices I Legal Protection Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

12. The organization links together government agencies, non- government agencies, and independent states to encourage a worldwide approach to conservation. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Hawksbill turtles: critically endangered Kemp's ridley turtles: critically endangered Leatherback turtle: critically Endangered Green turtles: endangered Loggerhead turtles: endangered Olive ridley turtles: endangered Flatback turtles: data Deficient Legal Protection Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

13. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) is administered by the U.S. Departments of Interior and Commerce. It seeks to stop the extinction of wild animals and plants in the United States, other nations, and at sea. All sea turtles except the flatback are listed as threatened or endangered on the U.S. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants List. It is illegal to harm, or in any way interfere with, a sea turtle or its eggs. 1.Under the ESA, "endangered" Hawksbill Kemp's ridley Leatherback Populations of green sea turtles (along Florida and the Pacific coast of Mexico), Breeding populations of olive ridleys (on the Pacific coast of Mexico) 2.Under the ESA, "threatened" The loggerhead, green (except the populations listed above) Olive ridley (except the populations listed above Legal Protection Endangered Species Act, 1973 (ESA). USA Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

14. Framework of laws in Chinese Fisheries “Law on the protection of Wildlife, People’s Republic of China”(1988) “Environmental Protection Law, People's Republic of China” (1989) “Marine Environment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China” (1982, amended in 1999) “Law of Fisheries, People’s Republic of China”, (1986, amended in 2000). “Law of The Water Pollution Prevention and Control, People's Republic of China” (1984, amended in 1996) Legal Protection China Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

15. Regulations on Aquatic wildlife conservation National level: Regulation on Fishing permission(2002, amended in 2004): ----Classifcation of the fishing boats and fishing grounds ----Control of Marine Fishing Vessels fishing gear in catch limits ----Fishing license system ----Duties for Signatory Regional Level: Stipulation for Conserving Living Aquatic Resources In Bohai Sea(2004): ----Aquaculture and fishing ----Enhancement on Living Aquatic resource ----Living aquatic resource conservation ----Eco-environment Protection Legal Protection China Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

16. Regulations on Aquatic Endangered Species Conservation “The National Catalog of Protected Wildlife in People’s Republic of China”(1989) “Implemental Regulation on Aquatic wildlife Protection, People’s Republic of China” (1993) “Ordinance on the management of the natural reserve, people’s Republic of China”(1994) “Regulation on management of Aquatic wildlife and Plant Nature Conservation, People’s Republic of China” (1997) “Regulation on special license of Aquatic wildlife utilization, People’s Republic of China” (1999) Legal Protection China Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

17. In recognition of the global plight, sea turtles were among the list species listed on the CITES Appendices when the treaty came into force, and CITES protection over the past 35 years has been critical to ensuring their survival. Formidable opposition From some CITES Parties to all attempts to weaken sea turtle protection and effort from the conservation community have been key to maintaining the international ban on trade. Sea turtles under Cites Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

18. Appendices I and II, as at 4 February 1977 Cheloniidae Cheloniidae spp *. Caretta caretta Chelonia mydas -103 Eretmochelys imbricata Lepidochelys kempii Lepidochelys olvacea Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea Appendices II Third meeting of the Conference of the Parties New Delhi (India), 25 February – 8 March 1981 Appendices I Cheloniidae Cheloniidae spp *. Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea Sea turtles under Cites Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

21. Sea turtles under CITES No Commodity termNoCommodity termNoCommodity termNoCommodity term 1 bodies 8 eggs 15 leather products (s) 22 shells 2bone pieces9 feet 16 live 23 skeletons 3bone products10 garments 17 meat 24 skins 4 bones 11 handbags 18 oil 25 skin pieces 5 carapaces 12 ivory carvings 19 pairs of shoes 26 specimens 6 carvings 13 ivory pieces 20 pieces 27 trophies 7 derivatives 14 leather items 21 scales 28 unspecified Commodity term in trading under CITES (hawksbill turtle ) Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

22. Sea turtles under CITES Taxon Tradving voloume (KG) 1976-19801981-19851986-19901991-19951996-20002001-20052006-2010 hawksbill**** ******************* green****** *********** loggerhead00***0**** olive ridley00***0000 leatherback**00*0* flatback0000000 Sea turtle Trading Record 1.Data is from CITES database 2. Based on Unquestionable data analysis

23. Sea turtles under CITES Term greenhawksbill meat ****- soup ****- skins ***** leather products **** specimens ***** carapaces ***** bodies ***** carvings ***** pieces **** calipee ***- unspecified **** oil ***- eggs (live) **** scales -* Trading analysis between Green turle and Hawksbill turtle

24. Sea turtles under CITES Trading analysis between China and US 1.Data is from CITES database 2. US green turtle trading most happened in 1979, for olive ridley and loggerhead in 1980s. Term hawksbillgreenolive ridleyloggerhead chinaUSchinaUSchinaUS meat ****** skin,skin pieces ** ***** * carvings ***** **** * carapace s * ** **** * specime ns **** * ***** unspecifi ed ** *** * live ** *** leather items ** ** eggs ** *** oil ** bodies ** * * ** * shells *** *

25. Awareness and suggestions 1.Lots of efforts, recognition worldwide (US and China) 2.International trading is still on going 3. Sea turtle meat and eggs are consumed in some parties(3/4) 4. Negative impact from destructive fishery and fishing by catch (explosion, poison gillnet, trail net, trawl) 5. Sea turtle conservation strategy should be improved in member Parties 6. International cooperation are encouraged (Inter government organization, NGO) 7. More funding required. Awareness Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

26. Awareness and suggestions Conservation in china: 1. Conservation Action plan for sea turtle 2. Basic scientific data collecting (research, monitoring) (fishery, population, trading) 3. More involvement in international cooperation Research work in CAFS: 1. Included in fishery research concern 2. Listed in Sino-US cooperation framework 3. More focus needed ( natural reserve and habitat, natural resource and distribution, policy, market trading Suggestions Chinese Academy of Fishery Science Fishery Environment Monitoring Center Enyuan Fan

27. Thank You!