1. 1 Introduction, reporting requirements, workshop objectives Workshop on greenhouse gas and ammonia emission inventories and projections from agriculture 27-28 February 2003 André Jol European Environment Agency

2. 2 Contents Purpose and use of emission inventories Main inventory quality demands Reporting requirements (countries) Reports by Commission and EEA Emissions from agriculture Objectives of the workshop

3. 3 Purpose and use of emission inventories (greenhouse gases/air pollutants) Assess, by modelling, the impacts on the environment, on human health and on materials Develop abatement strategies and prioritise policies and measures for the main source sectors in a cost-effective way through integrated assessment Monitor the effects of implemented policies and measures and assess compliance with national targets (reduced or avoided emissions and reduced impacts) in sectors and at national level Monitor the level of integration of environmental concerns into sectoral policies Inform policymakers and the public on all aspects using indicators as communication tool

4. 4 Main inventory quality demands Increasing demand for timely and high quality data for all user needs, but main driver is Kyoto Protocol. reliable (accurate) detailed trends (use of the best scientific methodology) consistent over time (preferably use of the same method for the complete time series) comparable between countries (use of same source categories) complete (covering all major source sectors) transparent (assumptions and methodologies used should be clearly explained and documented)

5. 5 Main emission reporting requirements UNFCCC and EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol (6 greenhouse gases/carbon sinks) EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism (to be revised in 2003) Annual reporting : UNFCCC by 15 April (N-15 months) and EU by 31 December (N-12 months). Same guidelines and methodologies for FCCC/KP and EU: UNFCCC Guidelines and Common Reporting Format, adopted in 2002 (COP8) 1996 IPCC Guidelines and Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management (2000) LULUCF (carbon sinks) Guidance being developed (2003) EU needs to compile an annual inventory (15 MS)

6. 6 Requirement to implement National GHG Inventory System under Kyoto Protocol Institutional, legal and procedural arrangements necessary to perform all functions Capacity for timely performance Single national entity with overall responsibility and involvement of others (scientific organisations, national statistical institutes, industry, environmental NGOs) Inventory QA/QC planning and implementation Programmes to improve the quality of activity data, emission factors and methods Identification of key source categories Estimation of uncertainties Recalculation

7. 7 Main other reporting requirements GHG MM Report on national programmes (adopted and planned policies and measures and their effectiveness), usually similar to Communication to UNFCCC Annual/bi-annual (future) reporting of projections for 2010 : ‘with measures’ (=baseline), ‘with additional measures’, and key underlying scenario data and assumptions Guidelines/implementing provisions (to revise in 2003) Main new reporting requirements on Kyoto mechanisms (emission trading,joint implementation, clean development mechanism), ”carbon sinks” (LULUCF) and EU ET Directive

8. 8 Main emission reporting requirements UNECE CLRTAP and EU NEC UNECE CLRTAP and Protocols (acidifying pollutants, ozone precursors, HM, POPs, particulates) EU National Emission Ceiling Directive (acidifying pollutants, ozone precursors) Annual reporting by 31 Dec (N-12 months), EU NEC: first reporting by 31/12/2002; CLRTAP by 15 February Same guidelines and methodologies for CLRTAP and EU: o New CLRTAP Reporting Guidelines (NFR, more harmonised with CRF) o EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook (third edition 2001, update Oct 2002) EU needs to compile an annual inventory (15 MS)

9. 9 Main other reporting requirements EU NEC First report on national programmes, 1 October 2002 (adopted and envisaged policies and measures; quantified estimates of the effects on emissions in 2010; changes in geographic emission distribution) Annual reporting of projections for 2010 (to include key socio- economic assumptions)

10. 10 Assessment and reporting under the EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Annual Commission report assessing progress towards the Kyoto Protocol (and burden sharing), see http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climat/greenhouse_mo nitoring.htm http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climat/greenhouse_mo nitoring.htm Support by EEA (see http://www.eea.eu.int)http://www.eea.eu.int EEA maintains the EU GHG inventory, assisted by the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC) and in JRC (carbon sinks) and Eurostat (energy) (technical report 75, 2002) Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe (Environmental issue report No 33) Greenhouse gas emission trends 1990-2000 (Topic report No. 7/2002) Greenhouse gas emission projections (technical report, to be published)

11. 11 Contribution of agriculture to EU emissions Greenhouse gas emissions: Agriculture contributes 10%, emissions decreased 6% (1990 to 2000), much variations between MS N2O from agricultural soils: 4.7% of total (-4% from 1990- 2000), in line with reduced fertiliser use CH4 from enteric fermentation: 3.2% of total (-9 % from 1990 to 2000), in line with reduced cattle numbers Acidifying pollutant emissions: Ammonia contributes 33%, of which from agriculture 31% (contributes also to eutrophication) Ammonia emissions decreased 7% (1990 to 1999) EEA Report ”Emissions of atmospheric pollutants in Europe, 1990-99” (Topic report No 5/2002 )

12. 12 Need for consistent information on GHG and ammonia Links between N2O and NH3 emission generating processes Measures to reduce NH3 could increase N2O (manure injection?) Combined strategy (policies/measures) might be more cost-effective Ensure communication or closer links between GHG and ammonia inventory and projection experts/organisations

13. 13 EU N2O emissions from agricultural soils (1)

14. 14 EU N2O emissions from agricultural soils (2)

15. 15 EU CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation (1)

16. 16 EU CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation (2)

17. 17 EU GHG emission projections

18. 18 EC GHG Inventory quality improvement EC inventory is based on MS inventories, hence promote MS inventory improvement Enhance QA/QC for specific source sectors: Eurostat projects to improve energy balances and emission estimates from international aviation; JRC project to improve removals/emissions from LUCF, also for agriculture? Improve transparency of MS methodologies (underlying statistics, emission factors), e.g. by means of workshops

19. 19 EC GHG projections improvement Emission projections strongly depend on EU-wide common agricultural policies (CAP), Nitrate Directive and in some countries ammonia reduction measures (NEC) Need for transparency how EU policies are included and what are key parameters in the scenarios (models) Consistency needed between inventory and projections

20. 20 Objectives of the workshop Share best practice between countries Provide information for the improvement of the EU MM reporting Make recommendations to improve estimation methods and reporting of inventories and projections (transparency, completeness) Use information also for other purposes, including CAFE, EEA State of the Environment and Outlook Report 2005 and EU report on Agriculture and environment (IRENA)