1. THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
GENETIC FACTORS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE BRAIN
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
INTEGRATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

2. THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
Neuroanatomy
Neuropathology
Neurochemistry
Neuropharmacology
Neuropsychology

3. THE NEURON

4. Types of Neurons

6. Communication Neurons “fire”
Action Potential releases neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and bind to the post-synaptic membrane of the neighboring neuron(s)
Excitatory or inhibitory
The circle of events continues…
The network of neural cells is highly specialized

9. • Main players in the cerebellum • Long Distance Connections
Purkinje Cell
• Main players in the cerebellum
• Long Distance Connections
• Most number of connections

10. The Brain

13. BROCA’S AREA FOR SPEECH

14. BRAIN AT 15 WEEKS GESTATION

15. BRAIN AT 32 WEEKS GESTATION

16. cerebellum
pons

17. Many fine folds; large surface area Muscle movement & muscle tone
Medulla
Breathing
Heart rate regulation
Pons
Reticular formation
Sleep
Arousal
Cerebellum
Many fine folds; large surface area
Muscle movement & muscle tone
Balance
Some learning & memory

18. Divisions of the Brain Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain Medulla
Reticular formation
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Dopamine produced
Relay of visual and auditory signals
Forebrain
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
thalamus
Telencephalon
cortex
Divisions of the Brain

20. THE BRAIN

21. Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus
“relay station” for sensory information (except smell)
Directs sensory signals to appropriate areas of cortex
Hypothalamus
Involved in motivated behavior (feeding, drinking, sex)
Regulates the internal environment of the body
Fight-or-flight response
Endocrine System
Temperature Control

22. LIMBIC LOBE GRAPHIC OVERLAY

23. Limbic System
Hippocampus
(blue)
(purple)

24. Basal Ganglia Initiates Movement e.g., walking Gross motor control
Many smaller structures
Affected in Parkinson’s

25. Sensorimotor Cortex, Left Hemisphere

28. OLFACTORY TRACT

30. BRAIN IMAGING COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (MRS)
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT)
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT)

32. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT SCAN)

33. PET SCAN NORMAL AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE