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Published byMaud Lester Modified over 9 years ago
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The Cell as the Fundamental Unit of Life: The Structure and Function of Cellular Organelles
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Cell Theory The cell is the smallest unit of life. All organisms are composed one or more cells. New cells arise from previously existing cells.
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Basic Cell Structure The Nature of Cells
Each cell has four common components: Plasma membrane Region containing DNA Cytoplasm Biochemical molecules & biochemical pathways
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Cell Diversity
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Cell
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Cells Two fundamental types: Prokaryotic No Nucleus No organelles Small 100nm-5um Eukaryotic True Nucleus Membrane bound organelles um Some are larger
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Classification Five kingdom system: Six kingdom system:
Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Six kingdom system: Eu- bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Three domain system: Eu- bacteria Archae-bacteria E U K A R Y A Eight kingdom system: Eu- bacteria Archezoa Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Chromista Protista
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Three Lineages of Life: Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria Eu- bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Prokaryotes: No true nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Cell Wall composed of peptidoglycan Reproduce asexually by budding and fission Very small ( µm)
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Kingdom Archaebacteria
Eu- bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Eukaria Prokaryotes: No true nucleus No membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts NO peptidoglycan in cell wall Reproduce asexually by budding and fission Very small ( µm) “Extreme” environments (high temperatures)
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Prokaryotic Cells
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Eukaryotes Eukaryotes: True nucleus Membrane-bound organelles
bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Eukaryotes: True nucleus Membrane-bound organelles Cell size generally µm At least 4 lineages: Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
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Eukaryotic Cells Typical Animal Cell
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The Cytoplasm
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Plasma Membrane Fluid mosaic model:
Working model of the membrane Protein molecules bobbing in phospholipid sea Proteins determine membrane’s specific functions
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Structure of the Cell Membrane
Phospholipids Most abundant lipid Polar/hydrophilic head(attracted to water) Pair of nonpolar/hydrophobic tails(repelled by water)
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Phospholipids Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails
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Phospholipid bilayer:. Polar heads, outside & inside
Phospholipid bilayer: Polar heads, outside & inside Nonpolar tails in the interior Cell Membranes
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The Nucleus
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The Nucleus
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough and Smooth ER
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Ribosomes
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Mitochondrion
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Golgi Apparatus Receives substances from ER, refines and packages them
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Lysosome Function
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Cytoskeleton
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Cytoskeleton
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Cillia & Flagella- 9x2 arrangement
0.1 micrometer
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Flagellum
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Flagellar Movement
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Ciliated Epithelium mucus ciliated surface nuclei
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Ciliary Movement
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Ameboid Movement Ex. WBC
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Typical Plant Cell
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Typical Plant Cell
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Cell Walls
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Chloroplasts
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INQUIRY Which kingdom do bacteria belong? What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic? Compare a plant and animal cell. What is the function of: Mitochondria Nucleus Golgi apparatus Lysozome Ribosomes Smooth and rough ER Cellular Visions: The inner life of a cell (video)
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