1. The Holocaust (Shoah)

2. What are examples in History, in which people were discriminated against, hated because of their race, religion or political ties?

3. What is Genocide?
“The Systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group.”

4. The Who’s Who of the Nazi Party
adolf eichman, head of gestapo. Fled and caught in argentina. Hanged in 1962.

5. Anti-Semitism
Jews have faced prejudice and discrimination for over 2,000 years.
Jews were scapegoats for many problems. (ex. Killing of Jesus Christ, the “Black Death”)
Political leaders who used anti-Semitism as a tool relied on the ideas of racial science to portray Jews as a race instead of a religion.

6. The Plan… The Nazi plan for dealing with the “Jewish
Question” evolved in three steps:
1. Expulsion: Get them out of Germany
2. Containment: Put them all together in one place – namely ghettos
3. “Final Solution”: annihilation

7. Persecution
Nazis targeted other individuals and groups in addition to the Jews:
Gypsies (Sinti and Roma)
Homosexual men
Jehovah’s Witness
Handicapped Germans
Poles
Political dissidents
Teacher will now instruct and lead students in the “Other Victims” cooperative Learning Activity.

8. Nazi Propaganda

9. The Effective Propagandist
"The effective propagandist must be a master of the art of speech, of writing, or journalism, of the poster and of the leaflet. He must have the gift to use the major methods of influencing public opinion such as the press, film and radio to serve his ideas and goals, above all in an age of advancing technology. . .   It may be good to have power based on weapons. It is better and longer lasting, however, to win and hold the heart of a nation." -- Joseph Goebbels 1934

10. Master Race
Used in Nazism to designate a supposed master race of Non- Jewish Caucasians usually having Nordic features.
Blond hair and Blue eyes
Known as the Aryan Race
Chart Showing the Races of Germany

11. Nuremberg Laws

12. The Eternal Jew
The film The Eternal Jew was created to justify the separation, exclusion, and ultimately the destruction, of the Jewish people. The narrator describes the Jews of Poland as filthy, sly and ugly and juxtaposes images of Jews with rats. The goal of propaganda is ultimately action. What does one do to rats? Exterminate them. This was the unstated message of the hate film. 
Poster From the Nazi Anti-Semitic Hate Film, The Eternal Jew

13. Racial Superiority
Nazi pseudo-science proclaimed the "Aryan race" to be the superior, culture producing race. Of the Aryans, the fair Nordic type was considered best.
German Propaganda Poster for the Hitler Youth Organization

14. German Youth
By 1939, about 90% of the "Aryan" children in Germany belonged to Nazi youth groups. A massive propaganda campaign was aimed at Germany's youth. The Nazis indoctrinated boys and girls in their duties to the state from a young age. They saw education as critical to the new Germany.

15. “All girls join us"
"Youth serves the Fuhrer. All ten-year-olds join the Hitler Youth."

16. For young men, service to the totalitarian state meant fighting the Fuhrer's wars, but for women service meant producing racially pure children for the Reich.

17. U.S. and World Response
Evian Conference 1938
SS St. Louis

18. The Final Solution
The Nazis aimed to control the Jewish population by forcing them to live in areas that were designated for Jews only, called ghettos.

19. Wannsee Conference (1942)
The Final Solution was outlined by Reinhard Heydrich who detailed the plan to establish death camps with gas chambers.

20. What tactics did the Nazis use to get the Jews to leave the Ghettos?
Deception
New arrivals at the Death camps were given postcards to send to their friends.
Starvation
The Jews were told that they were going to ‘resettlement areas’ in the East.
The Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto were only fed a 1000 calories a day .
Tactics
In some Ghettos the Jews had to purchase their own train tickets.
A Human being needs 2400 calories a day to maintain their weight
Terror
They were told to bring the tools of their trade and pots and pans.
The SS publicly shot people for smuggling food or for any act of resistance
Hungry people are easier to control

21. How did the Nazi decide who was Jewish?
At the Wannsee conference it was decided that if one of person’s parents was Jewish, then they were Jewish.
However, if only one of their grandparents had been Jewish then they could be classified as being German.
In 1940, all Jews had to have their passports stamped with the letter ‘J’ and had to wear the yellow Star of David on their jacket or coat.
Some historians believe that Hitler’s grandfather was Jewish. His Grandmother used to work for a rich Jewish landowner in Austria and it is believed that she had an affair whilst she worked as his house keeper. He later helped his son get a job as a civil servant. Some Psychologist but this down as being one of the possible reasons why Hitler hated Jews. However, it is interesting to note that the Jewish doctor who helped his mother whilst she was dying of cancer was dropped off at the Swiss boarder by the SS in 1940!

22. Einsatzgruppen were mobile killing squads made up of Nazi
(SS) units and police.
They killed Jews in mass
shooting actions
throughout eastern
Poland and the western
Soviet Union.

23. Where were the Death Camps built?
The work of the Einsatzgruppen
Why do you think that they located them here?
Remember that the black dots represent the work of the Einsatzgruppen

24. Tactics: What happened to new arrivals?
All new arrivals went through a process known as ‘selection.’
At Auschwitz the trains pulled into a mock up of a normal station.
Mothers, children, the old & sick were sent straight to the ‘showers’ which were really the gas chambers.
The Jews were helped off the cattle trucks by Jews who were specially selected to help the Nazis
Deception & Selection
The able bodied were sent to work camp were they were killed through a process known as ‘destruction through work.’
At some death camps the Nazis would play records of classical music to help calm down the new arrivals.
At Auschwitz the new arrivals were calmed down by a Jewish orchestra playing classical music.

25. Operation Reinhard

26. Notice how it has been built to resemble a railway station
Entrance to Auschwitz
Notice how it has been built to resemble a railway station

27. Auschwitz Orchestra

28. Notice how the Death camp is set out like a factory complex
Auschwitz from the air
Notice how the Death camp is set out like a factory complex
The Nazis used industrial methods to murder the Jews and process their dead bodies
It is important t emphasis that the Death Camps were basically factories

29. The SS would try and pack up to 2000 people into this gas chamber
The Gas Chambers
The Nazis would force large groups of prisoners into small cement rooms and drop canisters of Zyklon B, or prussic acid, in its crystal form through small holes in the roof.
These gas chambers were sometimes disguised as showers or bathing houses.
The SS would try and pack up to 2000 people into this gas chamber

30. The outside of the Gas Chamber
Notice the Ovens easy located near the Gas Chambers

31. Processing the bodies
Specially selected Jews known as the sonderkommando were used to to remove the gold fillings and hair of people who had been gassed.
The Sonderkommando Jews were also forced to feed the dead bodies into the crematorium.

32. Dead bodies waiting to be processed

33. Shoes waiting to be processed by the sonderkommando
Taken inside a huge glass case in the Auschwitz Museum. This represents one day's collection at the peak of the gassings, about twenty five thousand pairs.

34. Destruction Through Work
This photo was taken by the Nazis to show just how you could quite literally work the fat of the Jews by feeding them 200 calories a day

35. Was the Final Solution successful?
The Nazis aimed to kill 11 million Jews at the Wannsee Conference in 1941
Today there are only Jews living in Poland.
The Nazis managed to kill at least 6 million Jews.
Men like Schindler helped Jews escape the Final Solution.
Not all Jews went quietly into the gas cambers.
In 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto, like many others revolted against the Nazis when the Jews realised what was really happening.

36. Aftermath
The Nuremberg Trials brought some of those responsible for the atrocities of the war to justice.
There were 22 Nazi criminals tried by the Allies in the International Military Tribunal.
Twelve subsequent trials followed as well as national trials throughout formerly occupied Europe.

37. Der Sturmer
The most notorious of the Nazi anti- Semitic newspapers was Der Sturmer (The Attacker). It began in as a political paper, but as the Nazis gained in influence, the paper became more and more anti- Semitic. By the time Hitler took power in 1933, the paper was strongly anti-Semitic and was a very popular Nazi publication.
Der Sturmer Ritual Murder Issue, May 1, 1934