1. CIVIL WAR

2. ELECTION OF 1860 AND SECESSION WINTER Abraham Lincoln’s name did not appear on the ballot in ten states Lincoln won all free states except New Jersey John C. Breckinridge, with a southern-rights platform, won the entire Lower South Lincoln won in the Electoral College by 28 votes

3. SECESSION OF THE LOWER SOUTH DEC 1860- FEB 1861

4. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA Also known as the Confederacy, was a government set up in 1861 by seven southern slave states that had declared their secession from the U.S.. Jefferson Davis

5. UPPER SOUTH CHOOSES SIDES Would it fight against the Lower South or the Union? Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia joined the Confederacy of Texas, So. Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri? In the end 11 of the 15 slave states joined the Confederate States of America; four of the seceding Upper South states contained significant numbers of people who felt little affection for the Confederacy

6. ATTACK ON FORT SUMTER Spring 1861 occupied by 80 US soldiers It is at the entrance to Charleston Harbor For the south it represented the nation they had abandoned For the North it was a symbol of federal sovereignty in the seceded states

7. DAVIS SENT CONFEDERATE TROOPS TO BOMBARD THE FORT Lincoln had to provision it, but did not send troops For Jefferson Davis the territorial integrity of the Confederacy demanded the end of the US presence; He sent troops against advice of his colleagues

8. CONFEDERACY SUCCESSFUL Anderson surrendered Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen to serve for 90 days to put down the rebellion

9. THE COMBATANTS NORTH Expecting to win Lincoln strategy applied pressure at many points, and blocked the export and sale of the South’s cotton crop Neither side predicted the magnitude and duration of the war SOUTH South believed it would triumph despite enormous advantages of the Union South believed North was dependent on its cotton crop, South believed cotton would make Europe its ally Confederacy military strategy of the South to stay at home, blunt invasions, avoid battles that risk its army, and outlast the North’s will to fight

10. BLOODY MISSOURI Southern sympathizers roamed Missouri for the duration of the conflict In the border states, it became a ‘brothers’ war” dividing families over the issue of slavery

11. 1861-1862

12. MOBILIZING At first it appeared the South had the advantage Lincoln had little military experience but he made up for it with wise cabinet choices; his rhetorical skills roused the North Davis turned out to be quarrelsome and proud and made some enemies

13. ADVERSARIES

14. 1863-1865

15. ORDNANCE

16. NAVY

17. UNION BLACK INFANTRY

18. BLACK UNION SOLDIER

20. GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE

22. UNION VICTORIES IN WEST Rivers key to military situation Mississippi Tennessee Cumberland Missouri Battle of Pea Ridge left the state free of Confederates army Rebel failures in the far West meant there would be no Confederate empire beyond Texas

23. ‘EXCEPT BY COMPLETE CONQUEST’ Principal western battles took place in Tennessee where General Ulysses S. Grant emerged as the key northern commander Feb 1862 Grant captured Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland, forcing Confederates to withdraw from all of Kentucky and most of Tennessee April, Union forces prevailed at the costly battle of Shiloh in Tennessee, and Grant realized the Union would not be victorious ‘except by complete conquest.’

24. ATLANTIC THEATER Union Navy—three dozen ships on 3,500 miles of coastline Eventually grew to 150 blockade ships Confederates could not compete with a conventional Navy, so improvised, ironclad warship, and underwater vessels

25. ULYSSES S. GRANT

26. INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY Confederates sought foreign help, hoping cotton-starved Europeans would help No other country challenged the Union blockade or recognized the Confederate States of America as a nation Lincoln announced that an alliance with the Confederacy was an alliance with slavery

28. GETTYSBURG

30. DOROTHEA DIX

31. CLARA BARTON

35. WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN

36. MARCH TO THE SEA

37. SCORCHED EARTH

38. LEVELED TOWNS

41. LEE SURRENDER TO GRANT

42. LINCOLN FUNERAL PROCESSION WASHINGTON, DC

43. HEARSE CARRYING LINCOLN’S BODY