1. TOURISM SOCIO CULTURAL IMPACTS

2. DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISTS frequency, purpose, length, and type of trip nature of tourists' destinations kinds of activities undertaken

3. NATURE OF SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM Four principal issue areas the tourist relations between tourists and locals the structure and functioning of the tourist system the consequences of tourism

4. The socio-cultural impact oftourism is manifested through an-enormous range of aspects from the arts and crafts through to the fundamental behaviour of individuals and collective groups. The impacts can be positive, such as the case where tourism preserves or even resur­ rects the craft skills of the population or the enhancement of cultural exchange between two distinct populations.

5. The impacts can also be negative, such as the commercialisation and bastardisation of arts, crafts and ceremonies/rituals of the host population. The impacts can also detract from cultural exchange by preseniing a limited and distorted view of one of the populations. /

6. A factor often overlooked by researchers is the socio- cultural impact of tourism on the visiter population. For instance, the growth of UK tourists visiting Spain throughout the 1960s and 1970s resulted in culinary and beverage changes in the UK (paella and Rioja wine being two Spanish products that benefited from this exchange).

7. Visitors to Australia would often find it hard to resisı adopting the beach-based lifesryle and the barbecue when they returned home. There is evidence of socio-cultural impacts, ranging from the dothes we wear, the food we eat and our generallifestyles and attitudes, which can all be influenced by places we visit.

8. There is a tradition of viewing the socio-cultural impacts as a combined effectbecause of the difficulty in distinguishing between sociological and cultural impacts. This distinction is also sornewhat artificial given the fact that sociological and cultural effects overlap to a large extent.

9. There is also a tradition of examining the socio-cultural impacts of tourism purely in terms of the contact that takes place between the host and visiting populations: this is a very limited approach.