1. Will nanomaterials define our future? Dr John Robinson Competency Leader

2. Outline What are nanomaterials? Commercialisation case Studies What might the future hold? Conclusions

3. A Materials Science approach to Nanotechnology ‘Nanomaterial’: at least 1 external or internal dimension at the nanoscale (less than 100 nm) 1 nanometre = 10 -9 metre (million times smaller than a millimetre) eg: Nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods, thin films, nanostructured materials. What are Nanomaterials? Nanoparticles NanorodsNanostructured particles

5. Compared to traditional materials, nanomaterials: Have increased surface area Are potentially: Harder, stronger, more flexible Often present: Unique optical, electronic, thermal properties Nanomaterials are not new: Carbon black, photographic silvers, Ming Dynasty glazes ‘Nanohype’ began in 1990’s with advances in electron microscopy Why are Nanomaterials of interest?

6. Potential Nanomaterials Applications But products don’t always develop along the lines we expect…

7. Case Studies Antaria Limited Advanced Materials development & manufacturing company Based in Western Australia Technology start-up company, established 1997, initially focusing on nanomaterials

8. Case Studies: Cerium Oxide 10 nm20 nm50 nm Nanoparticulate cerium oxide synthesized by Mechanochemical Processing

9. Case Studies: Cerium Oxide Precision polishing of microelectronic components (Chemical Mechanical Planarization: CMP) Cerium oxide believed to be next generation CMP material Samsung Corning (SSC) invested $6m in 2000 Pilot plant constructed to demonstrate scalability of process Result: Nano cerium oxide unable to displace lower cost silica based CMP slurries 2013: cerium oxide based slurries account for <1% CMP market CMP slurry project dropped…

10. Case Studies: Cerium Oxide Antaria approached by Oxonica in 2003: Dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles for diesel fuel additive? “Envirox”: Fuel borne cerium oxide nanoparticles act as combustion catalyst Improves efficiency of combustion of diesel fuel Assists in burning of carbon deposits Envirox now marketed by Energenics EU: utilized by Stagecoach Bus Co.

11. Case Studies: Aluminium Oxide Micron sized plate-like alumina particulates with nanoscale thickness

12. Case Studies: Aluminium Oxide Applications initially pursued: Hard coatings Advanced ceramics Toughening ceramics / glasses Specialty lubricants Transparent polymer additive: Improved strength Reduced friction Result: unable to compete on price in comparison with existing materials / additives…

13. Case Studies: Aluminium Oxide “Alusion” developed by chance: Functional cosmetics pigment: Soft focus effect with enhanced cosmetic ‘feel’ Technology licensed to Merck KGaA in2009: Alusion incorporated in cosmetics pigments range “RonaFlare White Sapphire” Collaborative R&D aimed at development of pearlescent pigment products for automotive and other applications.

14. Cosmetics: a surprising market? Antaria now focus entirely on Aluminium Oxide and Zinc Oxide for cosmetics & sunscreens. Nanomaterials in cosmetics estimated at $155.8M end 2012 Ref: BCC NAN017D Nano ZnO & TiO 2 UV absorbers in Personal Care estimated at $280m by 2015. Ref: BCC NAN031D Where else can nanotechnology go?

15. What does the future hold? Current global nanomaterials market size? $1.7 Billion in 2010 / growing 23% pa to 2016 Ref: Global nanomaterials opportunity and emerging trends, Lucintel report, March 2011 $9.9 Billion in 2010 / growing at 14.7% pa to 19.6 Billion in 2015 Ref: Nanotechnology: a realistic market assessment, BCC report NAN031D, July 2011 Depends how the market is defined

16. What does the future hold? Anticipated global nanotechnology market segmentation 2015 $1.7 Estimated market size $19.6 billion in 2015: Ref: BCC NAN031D

17. What does the future hold? Graphene: next generation nanomaterial? Discovered 2004, University of Manchester (Nobel prize 2010) Chicken-wire type structure of C-atoms, single layer thick. Properties: Hard as diamond Flexible as rubber Exceptional electric and thermal conductivity High surface area Transparent www.jameshedberg.com/lettera/201 0/07/05/graphene-models/ www.sciencenews.org

18. What does the future hold? Graphene: next generation nanomaterial? Global graphene market tipped to reach ~$520 million by 2020 (BCC AVM075A, Feb 2011)

19. Conclusions A bright future for nanomaterials? Challenges: Cost competitiveness / performance advantage Nanomaterials safety: Regulatory hurdles It seems safe to conclude: Nanomaterials markets will continue to grow New nanomaterials will continue to emerge The 3 E’s will to continue to dominate: Electronic / Energy / Environmental $Billion opportunities Highest growth in healthcare & consumer goods Antibacterial applications / Cosmetics… $100M opportunities

20. Thank You