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Los Cognados y Cognados Falsos
Cognates and False Cognates
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Nouns #1. -or = -or color color doctor doctor director director
Many Spanish nouns can easily be converted into English nouns. English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in ‘-or’ are very often identical. #1. -or = -or English Spanish actor actor color color doctor doctor director director
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Nouns English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in ‘-al’ are often identical. #2. -al = -al English Spanish animal animal general general hospital hospital manual manual moral moral
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Nouns #3. -ist → -ista English Spanish artist list socialist tourist
Many English nouns ending with ‘-ist’, can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to ‘-ista’. #3. -ist → -ista English Spanish artist list socialist tourist artista lista socialista turista
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Nouns #4. -ism → -ismo English Spanish idealism realism mechanism optimism organism idealismo realismo mechanismo optimismo organismo
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Nouns #5. -nce → -ncia English Spanish arrogance
abundance abundancia arrogance experience patience intelligence arrogancia experiencia paciencia inteligencia
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Nouns #6. -ty → -dad English Spanish activity actividad curiosity electricity identity university curiosidad electricidad identidad universidad
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Nouns #7. -tion → -ción English Spanish association asociación combination combinación condition condición exemption exempción instruction instrución
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Nouns English nouns ending with ‘-y’ often correspond to Spanish
nouns ending with ‘-ía’, ‘ia’, or ‘io’. #8. -y → '-ía', '-ia', or '-io' English Spanish agency agencia agony agonía battery batería family familia history historia salary salario testimony testimonio dictionary diccionario
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Adjectives English Spanish active activo decisive decisivo
Like nouns, many English adjectives can be converted into Spanish simply by changing the word ending. Here are some useful rules. #1. -ive → ivo English Spanish active activo decisive decisivo festive festivo effective efectivo indicative indicativo
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Adjectives #2. -al = -al brutal brutal usual usual local local
English Spanish brutal brutal usual usual local local criminal criminal natural natural
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Adjectives #4. -ic → -ico magnetic magnético fantastic fantástico
English Spanish magnetic magnético fantastic fantástico electric eléctrico artistic artístico automatic automático
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Adjectives #5. -ble = -ble impossible imposible terrible terrible
English Spanish admirable admirable impossible imposible terrible terrible favorable favorable notable notable
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Adjectives #6. -nt → -nte convenient conveniente prudent prudente
English Spanish ignorant ignorante convenient conveniente prudent prudente important importante triumphant triunfante
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Adjectives #7. -id → -ido lucid lúcido splendid espléndido
English Spanish stupid estúpido lucid lúcido splendid espléndido candid cándido solid sólido
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Adjectives #8. -ile → -il fragile frágil mobile móvil juvenile juvenil
English Spanish agile ágil fragile frágil mobile móvil juvenile juvenil automobile automóvil
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Adjectives #9. -ary → -ario English Spanish arbitrary arbitrario
ordinary ordinario imaginary imaginario
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Adverbs -ly → -mente English Spanish absolutely absolutamente
In English, "-ly" combines with many adjectives to form adverbs. In Spanish, "-mente" combines with (feminine) adjectives to form Spanish adverbs. -ly → -mente English Spanish absolutely absolutamente normally normalmente naturally naturalmente finally finalmente correctly correctamente exactly exactamente evidently evidentemente difficultly dificilmente
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False Cognates Many words appears to be similar in English and Spanish, but do not have the same meaning. These are called “false cognates”. Below are a few examples of false cognates. 1.) embarazada – pregnant Does not mean “embarrassed”. embarrassed = avergonzado 2.) bizarro – brave; valiant Does not mean “strange” or “bizarre” strange; bizarre = extraño; raro 3.) asistir – to attend Does not mean “to assist” to assist = ayudar (to help) 4.) éxito – success Does not mean “exit” exit = salida 5.) fábrica – factory Does not mean “fabric” fabric = tejido
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