1. Achieving a Comprehensive and Integrated Energy System through Electricity S. Pejovic, pejovics@asme.org, C. Kennedy, christopher.kennedy@utoronto.ca B. W. Karney, karney@ecf.utoronto.ca, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada T. Maricic, tim.maricic@opg.com, Ontario Power Generation, Niagara, Canadapejovics@asme.org Achievement of, and threat to, modern society is abandon with which energy is used for vehicles, electricity, and space heating/cooling. The very scale of these activities is changing the atmosphere, landscape and even the way we think. Electrical system is key: in the context of transportation and heating/cooling demands, can facilitate a move to cleaner and greener sources. Benefits of energy optimization, efficiency and storage become even more crucial.

2. Electrification is Underway! 15 lead-acid batteries, PFC charger, and regulators installed into WhiteBird, a PHEV-10 conversion of a Toyota Priuslead-acid batteries regulatorsWhiteBird Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Move to electric Vehicles? Potentially large gains in efficiency! But grid implications!

3. When all units generate at the best efficiency costs are ~minimum – ~lowest price $/kWh Spinning reserve Difference between power at high efficiency and design (rated) power is the cheapest spinning reserve. CHEAPEST Optimisation is not so simple! What is the meaning of optimisation?

4. Complex Implications: Replacement of old refrigerators in Canada: The percentage change of GHG emissions is least for Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) where it represents an increase of 2% of residential GHG emissions in 2002 and greatest for British Columbia (BC) where it represents an increase of 5% of residential GHG emissions

5. Nowhere have engineering insights and public policy interacted more strongly than in the intersection of energy, environmental and economic issues Electricity has great potential as a future energy source for transportation, and likely for almost all other uses. If generated from non-fossil sources, electricity provides a low polluting means of propelling transportation vehicles. With advances in vehicle technology, there is potential to exploit the greater efficiency of electric motors over conventional internal combustion engines. Electricity has to be provided in excess of current demands thereby enabling other energy sectors to shrink Finally, this can create a new world with many new benefits, but also many new challenges!