1. Masonry Details

2. Masonry Categories Clay Masonry Concrete Masonry
made of burned clay, shale, fire clay or combo
shaped in plastic state
fired in kiln at high temperatures to bond mat’l
Concrete Masonry
made of dry portland cement, aggregates, water
compacted in forms by vibration
cured under controlled temperature & moisture
aging necessary for maximum strength

3. Clay Masonry Units Solid Masonry
brick (standard)
can contain holes, called cores, up to 25% of area
wide range of colors and surface textures
Hollow Masonry (exceeds 25% core area)
structural clay tile (shapes of concrete block)
Architectural Terra Cotta
flue liners
roof tiles
surface pavers

4. Concrete Masonry Concrete Block Special Units hollow solid decorative
split faced
faced block

5. Why Masonry vs. Wood Fireproof Durable Long lasting
Good compressive strength
Low maintenance
Immune to termites & rotting
No corrosion

6. Brick Sizes Net vs. Nominal Regional Size difference Mortar Joint
Net - actual size of brick
Nominal - brick + mortar joint
Regional Size difference
Mortar Joint
joint between bricks
commonly 3/8”
range 1/4” to 1/2”

7. Brick Sizes Brick Dimensions Example width x height x length
Nominal 4 x 3 x 8
Net 3-5/8 x 2-5/8 x 7-5/8

8. Brick Positions 6 possible positions stretcher shiner header rowlock
soldier
sailor

9. Methods of Stacking Bricks

10. Joint Terminology Mortar placed between layers of brick/block
made of sand, cement, and lime
strength of mortar bond
(High) M, S, N, O, K(Low)
Each row of brick is called a wythe. Two rows of brick is termed two wythe of brick
Joint terms
collar, bed, and head

11. Joint Finishes Selected based on appearance shadow patterns
water drainage
surface endurance

12. Brick Walls Cavity Grout space between 2 wythe of bricks airspace
filled with grout & steel rebar
Grout
sand, cement, and small aggregate
sloppy solution poured in cavity

13. Concrete Block Block Dimensions Example width x height x length
Nominal 8 x 8 x 16
Net 7-5/8 x 7-5/8 x 15-5/8

14. Concrete Block Also called Molded Concrete Units Materials Cores
portland cement, sand, aggregates (90% by weight) and water
Cores
Air spaces in concrete block
Used for reinforcement/insulation
Compression strength
700 to 1800 psi (pounds per square inch)

15. Concrete Block Types Standard (8 x 8 x 16) nominal Width variations 4”6” 8”
10”
12”

16. Concrete Block Types Sash block also called a Jamb block
Width variations
6”, 8”, 10”, 12”
Slot design
slot on end allows for attachment of metal or wood door and windows frames

17. Concrete Block Types Lintel Width variations
U-shaped piece for use over windows & doors
Width variations
6”, 8”, 10”, 12”

18. Concrete Block Types Bond block Width variations
notch on top to allow for horizontal reinforcing
Width variations
6”, 8”, 10”, 12”

19. Concrete Block Types Cap or paving unit
Used to cap off the open unit at the top of a wall

20. Problems with Masonry Efflorescence surface discoloration
caused by water-soluble salts in cement which are sulfates of sodium
and caused by insoluble carbonates from continuous water penetration over a long period of time
occurs during high-humidity and low-temperature conditions
high chance happening with grouted walls

21. Construction Considerations
Masonry is poor in insulation (R) value
add rigid insulation or fill with insulation
Think Modular
all block and opening width dimensions are multiples of 8”
eliminates cutting
reduces costs

22. Brick Representation in Section
Simplest Cavity Detailed
Which symbol used depends on office practice and/or detail scale.

23. Block Sections A - don’t use B - military
C-F - supported by various organizations
Symbol used depends on scale of detail

24. Assignment Create the following details for sheet S-2: 1/S-2 2/S-2
HINT: Look through the class architecture folder again!!!!!!