1. World War One:
A Power Point Look

2. CAUSES OF WWI INDUSTRIALISM
Increased factories and mechanization allowed nations to build weapons at a rapid pace. European nations stockpiled massive amounts of weapons which meant that there would always be a supply of artillery.

5. 2. NATIONALISM
European nations felt such pride in their countries that they were willing to fight and die for their homeland. This created tension in Europe because each nation was trying to prove its superiority over other countries.

6. Edward Elgar: Pomp and Circumstance March No 1
Nationalism was heavily promoted through cultural practices in most European countries. One of the most effective and telling signs of nationalism was through music. Here is an example of a WWI song put to classical music. It was used in England during the war and became a song that was only second in it’s popularity to ‘God Save the King’
Edward Elgar: Pomp and Circumstance March No 1
Dear Land of Hope, thy hope is crowned. God make thee mightier yet! On Sov'ran brows, beloved, renowned, Once more thy crown is set. Thine equal laws, by Freedom gained, Have ruled thee well and long; By Freedom gained, by Truth maintained, Thine Empire shall be strong. Land of Hope and Glory, Mother of the Free, How shall we extol thee, Who are born of thee? Wider still and wider Shall thy bounds be set; God, who made thee mighty, Make thee mightier yet. Thy fame is ancient as the days, As Ocean large and wide: A pride that dares, and heeds not praise, A stern and silent pride: Not that false joy that dreams content With what our sires have won; The blood a hero sire hath spent Still nerves a hero son.

7. 3. IMPERIALISM
This was a desire by European nations to expand their borders and control other nations. Land equaled power at this time. This competition for land had the potential to lead to war.

10. 4. MILITARISM
This was a belief by European nations that it was acceptable to solve their disputes by military action. It meant keeping a large scale army that was ready to go to war at any time.

13. 5. ALLIANCE SYSTEMS
Triple Entente- Britain, France, Russia & Serbia
Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary & Italy (which is later replaced by the Ottoman Empire)
Rather than discouraging the chance of war, the alliance systems increased the chance of war on a large scale. There could not be a small dispute among competing alliances.

15. TIMELINE:
The Road to War

16. 1. The Trigger- The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

17. Gavrillo Princip

18. The Great War . Maps & Battles . Europe in 1914 | PBS
Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia
Serbian Rejection and Russian Guarantee of Support
4. Austria-Hungary invades Serbia
Russia mobilizes to threaten Austria-Hungary
6.Germany mobilizes to threaten Russia
7.Germany declares war on Russia but…
8. Germany declares war on France and invades using the Schlieffen Plan
The Great War . Maps & Battles . Europe in 1914 | PBS

19. The Schlieffen Plan

20. Canada Prepares for War

21. Sam Hughes

22. Valcartier, Quebec

23. Daily Ration for Soldiers Training at Valcartier: Pepper and salt 11/4 pounds bread 1 ounce tea 13 ounce coffee 1 ounce cheese 2 ounces jam 2 ounces beans 2 ounces butter 2 ounces sugar 6 ounces fresh vegetables 1 pound fresh meat 1 pound potatoes 1 ounce oil 1 cubic foot wood Fruit is extra

24. Infantryman, Canadian Expeditionary Force, France 1915-1916.

25. National Film Board: Canadian Expeditionary Force Footage

26. Trench Life

27. Trench Foot

28. Shrapnel Wound

29. Simulation game: Over the Top
Virtual Tour of TrenchesBBC - History - Dug-out Entrance Vitual Tour
Simulation game: Over the Top

30. Canadian Battles in World War One
1. Second Battle of Ypres, April, 1915
Canadian troops fought their first battle in the trenches in Belgium. The Germans subject them to a gas attack. The Canadians survive by covering their faces with urine soaked rags Canadians die and Canada gains a reputation as a strong fighting force.

31. Soldiers using makeshift gas masks during the second battle of Ypres

32. Soldiers loading special gas canisters near the front

35. 2. Battle of the Somme, July, 1916
Canadians were led by British General Haig. He ordered troops openly into no-man’s land. Canadians lost over 24,000 troops during this battle. This was the first time tanks were used in battle. Over 1 million lives were lost on both sides making it the worst battle in modern history.

37. Smashed German position as a result of artillery barrage.

38. Believed to be the only genuine picture of British troops in action on the 1st of July, 1916

39. British dead awaiting burial after July 1

43. Exploring a WWI Mark 1 Tank

45. 3. Vimy Ridge, April, 1917
Canadian troops, led by General Arthur Currie, fought for the first time as a single unit. The Canadians won the battle in only four days. Allied countries applauded Canada’s success. This was a defining moment in Canadian independence.

46. A photograph of a position at Vimy Ridge

47. Trenches at Vimy Ridge

48. Grange Tunnels Dug Under the Battlefield at Vimy
Grange Tunnel - Veterans Affairs Canada

49. 29th Infantry Battalion advancing over "No Man's Land" during the battle of Vimy Ridge. This was a part of the creeping barrage.

50. Canadian soldiers celebrating victory after taking Vimy

51. Present-day view of shell holes left from the Vimy battle

52. 4. Passchendaele, October, 1917
Canadian troops were assigned this mud-filled ridge after three years of fighting here. General Currie took the operation over from General Haig and warned that there would be heavy casualties. Conditions were terrible and many lives were lost in this victory. The land had little significance.

53. Battlefield at Passchendaele

58. 5. The Last Hundred Days, August-November, 1918
Canadian troops, led by Arthur Currie, fought in several battles forcing the Germans to retreat. They suffer 46,000 casualties in these battles but defeat a quarter of the entire German army. The fighting ends at 11:00 am on November 11, The war was over.

60. German prisoners after the Battle of Amiens

61. Canadians crossing the Rhine into Germany

63. THE RESULTS OF WWI
Leaders of the four major victorious powers—Britain's Prime Minister David Lloyd George, Italy's Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando, President Georges Clemenceau of France, and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States—met in 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference to settle the issues raised by World War I.

64. Paris Peace Conference, 1919
The Allied (victorious) countries met to discuss the settlement of WWI. Some of the issues that needed to be resolved included: how to punish the losing countries, who was ‘guilty’ for causing the war? And, how would peace be maintained in the world. Canada participates here as an independent nation and becomes a member of the League of Nations.

65. Official Flag of the League of Nations

66. The Treaty of Versailles, 1919
This treaty was the result of the peace conference and it formally ended the war. It demanded that Germany:
Accept blame for the war (War Guilt Clause)
Significantly reduce the army and navy
Give back the land it had conquered
Pay reparations amounting to approx. $30 billion
Allow Allied troops to be stationed on it’s territory
This treaty was extremely harsh on Germany and many acknowledged that it would simply lead to the outbreak of another war. Germany signed it under protest. Germany would be burdened by the terms of this treaty until Hitler takes power in the 1930’s.

69. Go To Movies, Chapter 6: Injury andShellshockBBC - History - World War One Movies