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Slide 1 of 26 chemistry. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 26 24.6 Metabolism When a person’s diet does not contain adequate iodine, the thyroid.

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Presentation on theme: "Slide 1 of 26 chemistry. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 26 24.6 Metabolism When a person’s diet does not contain adequate iodine, the thyroid."— Presentation transcript:

1 Slide 1 of 26 chemistry

2 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 26 24.6 Metabolism When a person’s diet does not contain adequate iodine, the thyroid gland is unable to produce and release thyroxine. The gland begins to swell, forming a goiter. You will learn where some of the nutrients in a person’s diet come from and how they are involved in metabolic reactions.

3 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Metabolism > Slide 3 of 26 24.6 ATP What is the function of ATP in living cells?

4 Slide 4 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that transmits energy in the cells of living organisms.

5 Slide 5 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > ATP

6 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 6 of 26 24.6 Metabolism > ATP In living cells, ATP is the energy carrier between the spontaneous reactions that release energy and nonspontaneous reactions that use energy.

7 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Metabolism > Slide 7 of 26 24.6 Catabolism How does a cell obtain the energy and building blocks needed for the construction of new biological compounds?

8 Slide 8 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > Catabolism The entire set of chemical reactions carried out by an organism is known as the organism’s metabolism. In metabolism, unneeded cellular components and the nutrients in food are broken down into simpler compounds by chemical reactions collectively called catabolism.

9 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 9 of 26 24.6 Metabolism > Catabolism The degradation of complex biological molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids during catabolism provides the energy and the building blocks for the construction of new biological compounds needed by the cell.

10 Slide 10 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > Catabolism Organisms such as this mouse use the energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules to power their body processes.

11 Slide 11 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > Catabolism

12 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Metabolism > Slide 12 of 26 24.6 Anabolism What happens in a cell during anabolism?

13 Slide 13 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > Anabolism The synthesis reactions of metabolism are called anabolism. In anabolism, the products and the energy of catabolism are used to make new cell parts and compounds needed for cellular life and growth.

14 Slide 14 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > Anabolism Simple compounds produced by catabolism are used in the synthesis reactions of anabolism.

15 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Metabolism > Slide 15 of 26 24.6 The Nitrogen Cycle How do nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide plants with a useable form of nitrogen?

16 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 16 of 26 24.6 Metabolism > The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen-fixing bacteria reduce atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 (g)) to ammonia (NH 3 (g)), a water-soluble form of nitrogen that can be used by plants.

17 Slide 17 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > The Nitrogen Cycle

18 Slide 18 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > The Nitrogen Cycle Biological Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are of two types: Free-living bacteria lead an independent existence in soil. Symbiotic bacteria live in nodules on the roots of legumes, such as alfalfa, clover, peas, and beans.

19 Slide 19 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > The Nitrogen Cycle The bumps on these plant roots contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which live in a symbiotic relationship with the plant.

20 Slide 20 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 24.6 Metabolism > The Nitrogen Cycle Industrial Nitrogen Fixation For the past several years, the daily amount of atmospheric nitrogen fixed by industrial processes in the production of fertilizers has probably exceeded the amount fixed by living organisms in Earth’s forests and oceans.

21 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 21 of 26 Section Quiz -or- Continue to: Launch: Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 24.6 Section Quiz. 24.6.

22 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 22 of 26 24.6 Section Quiz. 1. Energy is stored in ATP when a phosphate group is bonded to a.glucose. b.ribose. c.DNA. d.ADP.

23 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 23 of 26 24.6 Section Quiz. 2. When starch is broken down into glucose molecules in a cell, this reaction is an example of a.oxidation. b.combustion. c.catabolism. d.anabolism.

24 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 24 of 26 24.6 Section Quiz. 3. Using available compounds and energy to form new cell parts and energy is called a.anabolism. b.catabolism. c.reproduction. d.degradation.

25 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 25 of 26 24.6 Section Quiz. 4. Choose the correct word for the space. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ______, a water soluble form of nitrogen that can be used by plants. a.ammonia b.urea c.ribose d.amino acids

26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 26 of 26 Metabolism > Concept Map Concept Map 24 Solve the Concept Map with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

27 END OF SHOW

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