1. By: Jonathan Kayne January 2014 JZKmath Productions [Presentation Version] Rev3.2

2. What is Coal?  Coal is a rock, mostly Composed of Carbon.  Forms from fossilized plants.  It is one of the most plentiful Fossil Fuels on Earth.

3. How is it Mined?  Top Coal Producers include China, USA, and India.  Coal is Mined using 2 methods: 1. Surface Mining (‘Opencast’) 2. Underground Mining (‘Deep’)

4. Source: http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/

5. Underground Mining TThere are 2 types of Underground Mining: 1. Room & Pillar Mining 2. Longwall Mining

6. Room & Pillar Mining  Coal is removed by cutting ‘rooms’ in the ground.  Pillars of coal are left behind as supports.

7. Longwall Mining  Machines hold up the roof of the cave while coal is extracted.  Afterwards, the roof is allowed to collapse.

8. Consequences of Coal Mining  Coal Mining involves disturbing land which raises many challenges.  When the roof of a mine collapses.  Pollution  Dust  Noise

9. Ways to Decrease impact  When they finish mining, they must clean up the land & “Leave it the way they found it”.  Combating Water Pollution.  Spraying Water  Efficient tools  Insulated areas and equipment reduce noise.

10. Maximizing Sustainable Use HHelps the economy!  Is important to Steel and cement Manufacturing. CCreate goals/standards for energy production. MMake Power generation more efficient. MMake financially appropriate.

11. Resources  World Coal Association: 1. Coal Facts, http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/ 2. Coal Mining, http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/ 3. Environmental Impact, http://www.worldcoal.org/coal-the-environment/coal-mining-the-environment/http://www.worldcoal.org/coal-the-environment/coal-mining-the-environment/ 4. Sustainable Use, http://www.worldcoal.org/coal-energy-access/coal-and-sustainable-development/http://www.worldcoal.org/coal-energy-access/coal-and-sustainable-development/  United Mine Workers of America: 1. Underground Coal Mining, http://www.umwa.org/?q=content/underground-coal-mininghttp://www.umwa.org/?q=content/underground-coal-mining  Roger’s World: 1. Coal Facts, http://www.rogerphilpot.com/CoalEducation.htmlhttp://www.rogerphilpot.com/CoalEducation.html Thanks For Listening!