1. Microorganisms and Disease Chapter 1 Lesson 5

2. Let’s read
p. 74.

3. What are some common microorganisms?
Bacteria
Some fungi
Some protists

4. Why are microorganisms important?
Microscopic organisms provide larger organisms, including people, with some of the food and oxygen they need to survive. Some microscopic organisms enrich the environments by breaking down dead organisms.

5. Are microorganisms unicellular or multicellular?
Microorganisms include unicellular and multicellular organisms.

6. “Read the Photo” p. 75
Which microorganism pictured above is the smallest? The largest?
The smallest is Euglena
The largest is amoeba

7. Quick Check Questions p. 75
What are some examples of unicellular protists and fungi?
Unicellular protists- amoeba, paramecium, Euglena
Unicellular fungi- yeast

8. Quick Check Questions
What would happen if microorganisms disappeared from Earth?
If microorganisms disappeared from Earth, many larger organisms would be without a food source. Nutrients would not be recycled through an environment.

9. Think about a time when you have been sick
Think about a time when you have been sick. What might have caused you to get sick?
Let’s read pgs and see if we can find the answer to this question.

10. Where do bacteria that cause a form of pneumonia attack the body?
The lungs
How are diseases such as tetanus or scarlet fever caused?
By bacteria that produce poisonous substances called toxins

11. What kinds of bacteria can attack the digestive system after someone was in contact with uncooked food?
E. coli and salmonella

12. What diseases are caused by harmful fungi?
Athlete’s foot
How are the microorganisms that destroyed potato crops throughout Ireland in the nineteenth century similar to the ones that cause malaria?
They are similar because they are both protists.
Where do protists that cause malaria reproduce?
Inside red blood cells

13. Read the Graph p. 77
During what time of year do the number of Lyme disease cases increase?
summer

14. Discuss the Quick Check questions on p. 77 with a partner.
How are diseases spread?
Some diseases are caused by organisms, such as some bacteria. Disease can also be spread when a healthy individual comes in contact with an individual who is sick. Some disease occur when people eat uncooked food. Animals can also spread disease.

15. Why is the term agent more accurate than organism when defining a pathogen?
Organisms are living things. Viruses are not living. Because viruses can cause disease, it is more accurate to use the term agent instead of organism when defining a pathogen.

16. Let’s read pgs
Why do scientists develop different antibiotics?
Not all antibiotics work on all bacteria, so scientists are continually trying to find new antibiotics that will work on different types of bacteria.

17. How does the process of pasteurization help keep us safe from disease?
Pasteurization destroys harmful bacteria found in foods such as milk.

18. Look closely at the word antibiotic.
What is the prefix?
anti- this means “opposed to” or “against”
The word biotic relates to life or living organisms.
Antibiotics inhibit the growth of
living microorganisms like bacteria.

19. Vaccines
Vaccines contain pathogens that have been killed so that they are not longer harmful. The vaccines help prevent disease by “training” the body’s defenses to attack specific pathogens.

20. Quick Check Questions p. 78.
What are some ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases?
Washing your hands
Getting vaccinations

21. Antibiotics kill certain bacteria. Why don’t they kill all bacteria?
There are many different types of bacteria. Because not all bacteria are the same, different chemicals are needed to kill bacteria.