1. Ointments Ointments Ointment What is Ointments?
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing
Ointment

2. What is Ointment? What is Ointments? Ointments Creams Pasts
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

3. Ointments
What is Ointments?
Any greasy or oily semi-solid preparation, usually medicated, that can be applied externally to the skin in order to heal, soothe or protect it.
It is a viscous semisolid preparation used topically on a variety of body surfaces.
Creams
Pasts
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

4. The word ointment comes from the Latin ungere meaning anoint with oil.
Ointments
What is Ointments?
Drug ingredients can be dissolved, emulsified or suspended in the ointment base.
The word ointment comes from the Latin ungere meaning anoint with oil.
Creams
Pasts
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

5. Ointments
What is Ointments?
Are ointments of a particularly soft consistency they are usually emulsion ointments.
They are viscous liquid or semisolid emulsions of oil-in-water or water-in-oil type.
Easier to spread and easier to remove than ointments.
Creams
Creams
Pasts
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

6. Ointments
What is Ointments?
Have very solid consistency and contain usually relatively large quantities of solids.
Contain a larger percentage of solid material than ointments (thicker and stiffer).
Will not soften and flow after application .
Pasts
Creams
Pasts
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

7. Medicinal application of the Ointment
What is Ointments?
Midicinal application of the Ointment
Medicinal application of
the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

8. Preparation of the Ointments Storage and dispensing
What is Ointments?
Ointments are used topically for several purposes, e.g., as protectants, antiseptics, emollients, antipruritics, kerotolytics, and astringents.
In the case of a protective ointment, it serves to protect the skin against moisture, air, sun rays and other external factors.
It is necessary that the ointment neither penetrates the human skin barriers nor facilitates the absorption of substances through this barrier.
Midicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

9. Preparation of the Ointments Storage and dispensing
What is Ointments?
An antiseptic ointment is used to destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Frequently bacterial infections are deeply seated; a base which has the capacity to either penetrate or dissolve and release the medication effectively is therefore desired.
Ointments used for their emollient effect should be easy to apply, be non-greasy and effectively penetrate the skin.
Midicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

10. Ointment bases Ointment bases Ointments What is Ointments?
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

11. Ointments
What is Ointments?
There are five (5) classes or types of ointment bases which are differentiated on the basis of their physical composition. These are:
Oleaginous bases.
Absorption bases.
Water in oil emulsion bases.
Oil in water emulsion bases.
Water soluble or water miscible bases.
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

12. Ointments
What is Ointments?
These bases are fats, fixed oils, hydrocarbon or silicones.
They are anhydrous, greasy, non-washable does not absorb water and occlusive (form a film on skin so it increases the skin hydration by reducing the rate of loss of surface water.
They should not be applied to inffected skin.
they are used as protectants, emollients , vehicles for hydrolyzable drugs.
Example: White Petrolatum, White Ointment
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

13. Ointment bases Oleaginous base + w/o surfactant.
Ointments
What is Ointments?
Oleaginous base + w/o surfactant.
Anhydrous but hydrophilic ointment bases, they can absorb several times their weight of water to form water-in-oil emulsion.
They are non-washable, not water soluble
They used as protectants, emollients (+/-), vehicles for aqueous solutions, solids, and non-hydrolyzable drugs.
Example: Hydrophilic Petrolatum, Anhydrous Lanolin, Aquabase™, Aquaphor®, Polysorb®
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

14. Ointments
What is Ointments?
These are anhydrous, hydrophilic, absorbs water and non water removable, with low thermal conductivity and occlusive.
They have the same properties as the absorption basees.
They are used as emollients, cleansing creams, vehicles for solid, liquid, or non-hydrolyzable drugs .
Examples: Cold Cream type, Hydrous Lanolin, Rose Water Ointment, Hydrocream™, Eucerin®, Nivea® .
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

15. Ointments
What is Ointments?
These bases are anhydrous, water soluble, absorb water and water washable.
They are either carbowaxes Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) or hydrated gums (bentonite, gelatin, cellulose derivatives).
They are used as drug vehicles.
Examples: PEG Ointment, Polybase™
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

16. Ointments
What is Ointments?
These bases are anhydrous, water soluble, absorb water and water washable.
They are either carbowaxes Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) or hydrated gums (bentonite, gelatin, cellulose derivatives).
They are used as drug vehicles.
Examples: PEG Ointment, Polybase™
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

17. Ointment bases Selection of the Appropriate Base Based on:
Ointments
What is Ointments?
Selection of the Appropriate Base Based on:
Desired release rate.
Desirability for enhancement of percutaneous absorption.
Advisability of occlusion.
Short-term or long-term stability.
Influence of drug on consistency or other features of ointment base.
Patient factor - dry or weeping (oozing) skin.
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

18. Ointments
What is Ointments?
Among the properties which an Ideal ointment base should possess are:
Does not retard wound healing.
Low sensitization index.
Pharmaceutical elegance.
A low index of irritation.
Non dehydrating.
Non greasy.
Neutral in reaction.
Good keeping qualities.
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

19. Ointment bases Compatible with common medicaments.
Ointments
What is Ointments?
Compatible with common medicaments.
Efficient release of medicament at site of application.
Washability (easily removed with water).
Minimum number of ingredients.
Ease of compounding.
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

20. Preparation of the Ointment
What is Ointments?
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Preparation of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

21. Medicinal application of the Ointment Preparation of the Ointments
What is Ointments?
Mix together (mortar & pestle,
spatula & slab)
roller mill
"levigating" the powder (reduction of particle size in suspending agent compatible with the ointment base)
(1) Incorporation
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Electric Mortar and Pestle
Storage and dispensing
Ointment Mill

22. Ointment
What is Ointments?
In porcelain dish all or some components of an ointment melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed, add non-melting substances as the ointment is being cooled and stirred.
(2) Fusion
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

23. Storage and dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Storage
and
dispensing
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

24. Storage and dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Ointments should be stored in tightly closed and completely filled containers
Changes in temperature can lead to the crystallization of the drug and to changes in the ointment base.
They are usually dispensed in jars of glass or plastic material or in collapsible tubes.
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

25. Storage and dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Sterile ointments must be dispensed in tubes or single dose units in order to protect the product against contamination during use.
With tin tubes, there is a risk of corrosion with hydrophilic ointments.
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

26. Packaging and storage (jars and tubes) Storage and dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Prepare the ointment. Select an ointment jar that will just hold all of the formulation.
Begin by taking some ointment.
..... and fill the bottom of the ointment jar. Use the spatula to put ointment into the crevices.
Packaging and storage
(jars and tubes)
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

27. Storage and dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Continue adding ointment to the jar again using the spatula to put the ointment along the sides of the jar.
As you fill the jar, stab the spatula into the ointment a couple of times. This will reveal air pockets that may have formed.
Put the spatula halfway across the filled jar, and tilt in slightly.Rotate the jar...
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

28. Storage and dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
...and this is make a professional looking finish on the top of the ointment.
Wipe off ointment from the threads of the jar.
Cap the ointment jar.
Medicinal application of the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the Ointments
Storage and dispensing

29. Thank you Fadael A. Al-Saffar Fatimah M. Al-Neemer Leena N. Abdullatif
Manal A. Omran
Sukaina A. Al-Matrood