1. Appropriating New Urbanism Principles to the Egyptian Context
Ayat Ismail Abdel Fattah Ismail
Teaching Assistant - Dept. of Urban Design & Planning
Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Youhansen Yehya Eid
Professor of Urban Planning
Head of Dept. of Urban Planning & Design
Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University
Dr. Germine Farouk El-Gohary
Associate Professor - Dept. of Urban Planning & Design

2. Reviving the lost art of place-making
Introduction
What is New Urbanism?
New Urbanism is an urban design movement became very popular in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s
Aims to
Raising quality of life and standard of living by creating better places to live.
Reviving the lost art of place-making
Re-ordering of the built environment to form complete cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoods

3. Introduction What is New Urbanism? How?
It promotes the creation of diverse, walkable, compact, energetic, mixed-use communities
In other words
Contains houses, work spaces, shops, entertainment, schools parks, and civic facilities essential to the daily needs of the residents,
All uses are within easy walking distance, public transportation and light rail, well defined public spaces, pleasant walking environment, and green spaces are available.

4. Research Problem
Out of 60 planned new communities, 19 new communities were built in Egypt during the past 30 years; for many reasons – such as economy, management, implementation…..etc – only two cities could accomplish more than 50% of their target population which is very low ratio.
One of the reason behind the Egyptian new cities problem is that their rational plans could not create livable communities which meet the human needs and demands.

5. Research Objective
The research aims to study New Urbanism Principles and testing them on Egyptian new cities, in order to determine the applicability of each principle on Egyptian social and physical context, also to find out the possible adaptations required for those principles according to the demands of the residents of new cities in Egypt.

6. Research Hypothesis
“New, Post and other urbanisms, they do represent different values and sensibilities. They need to be situated in time and space, contextualized in different cultures and geographies” (Kelbaug, in Fisherman, 2005)
Although Kelbaug claimed that New Urbanism principles need to be adapted to fit in different cultures and geographies, some principles are universal and should be applied (with no required adaptations) on cities regardless its location, size, or environment.

7. Research Methodology Principles’ appropriating process
Theoretical Review
Local Examples
Field Survey
General Principles
International Examples
Principles’ appropriating process
Egyptian New Urbanism Principles

8. Research Structure Part 1: Theoretical Review
Chapter 1: Definitions, History and Motivations.
Chapter 2: Principles of New Urbanism Movement.
Chapter 3: Analysis of International New Communities.
Part 2: Appropriating New Urbanism Principles
Chapter 4: Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities.
Chapter 5: NU principles’ Appropriating Process.
Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations.
Part 3: Appendices
Appendix 1: Charter of New Urbanism.
Appendix 2: Classification of Egyptian New Communities.
Appendix 3: Field Survey Study - Statistical Procedures.

9. New Urbanism Objectives Reasons behind New Urbanism emergence
Chapter 1
Definitions, History, and Motivations
New Urbanism Objectives
Reasons behind New Urbanism emergence
Rise of New Urbanism
Historical Reasons
Sprawl (Suburban pattern of development)
Response to sprawl
Congress of New Urbanism

10. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly design
Human Scale
Creating Public Spaces
Safety
4. Diversity
Mixed uses
Mixed housing
5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood

11. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly design
Human Scale
Creating Public Spaces
Safety
4. Diversity
Mixed uses
Mixed housing
1. Walkability
Activities are within 5 to 10 min walk (1/4 mile, or 400 m) from home and work in a moderate weather

12. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly design
Human Scale
Creating Public Spaces
Safety
4. Diversity
Mixed uses
Mixed housing
2. Connectivity

13. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability
Avenue
Main streets
Secondary streets
1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly design
Human Scale
Creating Public Spaces
Safety
4. Diversity
Mixed uses
Mixed housing
3. Pedestrian Friendly design

14. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability
2. Connectivity
3. Pedestrian Friendly design
Human Scale
Creating Public Spaces
Safety
4. Diversity
Mixed uses
Mixed housing
4. Diversity

15. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
5. Smart transportation

16. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
6. Parking alternatives

17. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
7. Sustainability

18. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
8. Increased density

19. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings

20. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation
6. Parking alternatives
7. Sustainability
8. Increased density
9. Rehabilitation of old buildings
10. Self-governing neighborhood
10. Self-governing neighborhood

21. Buildings Rehabilitation
Chapter 3
Application on International New Cities
Walkability
Connectivity
Pedestrian friendly
Diversity
Smart transit
Parking Alternatives
Sustainability
Increased density
Buildings Rehabilitation
Self-Governing
Seaside
Streets are designed as public space
Bicycling, scooting, and walking
On-street Parking & resi. garages accessed by alleys
Energy conservation strategies
Relatively Achieved
25 p/acre up to
65 p/acre
N/A
King Farm
Narrow tree lined streets with sidewalks
Shuttle buses to main station
On-street Parking or hidden at block backyards
Greenbelts and air pollution reduction
Achieved
44 p/acre up to
100 p/acre
Preservation of the old three farmlands
Karow Nord
Network of public spaces connecting mixed uses
On-street Parking & underground parking at shopping areas
Green network connected to surrounding green field
54 p/acre up to
85 p/acre
Zhanggui Zhang
Green Network of public spaces connecting all villages
Shuttle buses connecting neighborhood centers
Green network and air pollution reduction
300 m
310 m
350 m
180 m
220 m
Achieved
Achieved
Achieved
280 m
610 m
425m
340 m
300 m
720 m
570 m
400 m
Achieved
Achieved
Achieved
350 m
520 m
455 m
300m
410m
490 m
Achieved
Achieved
Achieved
120 m
250 m
135 m
365 m
195 m
170 m
Achieved
Achieved
Achieved

22. Chapter 4 Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities
1. Physical Analysis
Current Urban Conditions from New Urbanism Perspective
10th of Ramadan city
32 Sample
2. Social Analysis
Field survey applied on 142 sample from New Cities residents investigated:
Residents satisfactory degree with their built environment
Their correspondences in case of applying New Urbanism principles
New Cairo city
66 Sample
6th of October city
44 Sample

23. Chapter 4 Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities 6th of October
Walkability
Connectivity
Pedestrian friendly
Diversity
Smart transit
Parking Alternatives
Sustainability
Increased density
Buildings Rehab
Self-Governing
6th of October
Streets are treelined - no public spaces
Tok-tok & trucks are the only public transit system
No prking lots – On street Parking & Under-ground garages
No energy conservation strategies - no green buffer
8.2 p/acre up to
19 p/acre
No rehabilitation for old buildings
Governing on city as a whole level
New Cairo
1st Community
No public spaces – no safety
Microbus for internal movement
Parking lots – On street Parking
N/A
Al-Rehab
Streets are treelined – green spaces network
Shuttle buses for internal and external movement
No on street parking – parking lots only
Green network & landscape treatments
10th of Ramadan
No public spaces -Neighborhoods differ in street design
9.75 p/acre up to
30.6 p/acre
580m
600m
590m
1200m
960m
2100m
850m
350m
250m
390m
270m
330m
Ranges from 250 m to 2100 m
Achieved
spatially undiversified – repeated housing prototypes
1030 m
800 m
680 m
770 m
1130 m
200 m
330 m
450 m
250 m
400 m
Ranges from 200 m to 1130 m
On City level, not achieved on block level
Repeated housing prototypes – not enough uses
530 m
550 m
440 m
500 m
460 m
370 m
750 m
Ranges from 370 m to 750 m
On City level, not achieved on block level
spatially undiversified – housing prototypes
400 m
310 m
380 m
Ranges from 310 m to 400 m
On City level, not achieved on block level
Mixed uses – repeated housing prototypes

24. Chapter 4
Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities

25. International Application
Chapter 5
NU Principles’ Appropriating Process
Theories
International Application
Local Application
Physical Analysis
Field Survey
New Urbanism Principles’ Applicability
on Egyptian Cities
Required Adaptations for American New Urbanism Principles
+ Field Survey

26. Chapter 5 NU Principles’ Appropriating Process Walkability
American New Urbanism
Egyptian New Urbanism – Field Studies
Principle’s Applicability
Theories
Applications
Current Urban Conditions
Residents Answer to:
Current situation
Applying NU
Principle:
Activities are within 5 to 10 min walk (1/4 mile, or 402 m) from home and work in a moderate weather
Importance:
Encourage walking, reduce dependency on car – specially for people who can’t drive, and reduce pollution
 Seaside
Walking distances ranges from 180 m to 350 m = 4 to 8 min
 6th of October
Walking distances ranges from 250 m to 1000 m = 6 to 25 min
42% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center
41%of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.
Walking distances depend on neighborhood size which can exceed (in Egyptian cities case) 1000m in diameter. Consequently, 44% (in average) of respondents do not think of walking as a possibility, especially in high temperature & humidity.
On the other hand, since 71.75% of car owners claimed that they are ready to leave their cars and walk to their daily needs.
So, walkability principle can be applied on Egyptian cities. However, it needs to be adapted to environment
 King Farm
Walking distances ranges from 280 m to 425 m = 7 to 10 min
 1st Community
Walking distances ranges from 200 m to 1030 m = 5 to 25 min
80% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center
76% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.
 Karow Nord
Walking distances ranges from 300 m to 410 m = 7 to 10 min
 Al-Rehab
Walking distances ranges from 370 m to 750 m = 9 to 18 min
16.7 % of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center
75% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.
 Zannghui Zhang
City is divided into 6 smaller villages, distances ranges from 120 m to 365m, 4 to 8 min
 10th of Ramadan
Walking distances ranges from 310 m to 400 m = 7 to 10 min due to small neigh. size
34% of sample claimed it is not possible to walk to neigh. center
95% of car owners are ready to leave their cars & walk their daily needs.

27. Applicable Principles Principles don’t need adaptations
Chapter 6
Conclusions and Recommendations
Principles’ status
New Urbanism Principles:
Applicable Principles
Principles need adaptation
Walkability
Connectivity
Mixed Uses
Mixed Housing
Parking Alternatives
Principles don’t need adaptation
Human Scale
Public Spaces
Safety
Sustainability
Smart transportation
Self-Governing Neighborhood
Not Applicable principles
Already applied principles
Increased Density
Already applied principles
Applicable principles
Principles don’t need adaptations
Principles don’t need adaptations
Not Applicable principles
New Urbanism Principles’ Appropriating Process
Principles need adaptations

28. Thank You