1. Carbon, biodiversity and cocoa farming in Ghana Professor Ken Norris Amy Wade Centre for Agri-Environmental Research The University of Reading

2. Talk Outline Recent work – Carbon and biodiversity in forest and agro-forestry ecosystems – Land management strategies for cocoa and carbon – The large-scale Carbon value of cocoa farming systems Cocoa-carbon possibilities

3. Cocoa-biodiversity project Forest Reserve (Atewa)Traditional, shade cocoaIntensive, unshaded cocoa

4. Project details Eastern Region Integrated data collection – farm productivity and management – biodiversity – soil nutrient status (health) – carbon stores

5. Biodiversity value Production intensity LowHigh

6. Cocoa-carbon Carbon stores in relation to land-use Land management strategies The potential large-scale value of cocoa-carbon in Ghana

7. Carbon stores and land-use

8. Productivity Forest treesSoil

9. Land management strategies Unshaded cocoa 0.58ha Forest 0.42ha 136Mg C 160Mg C Shaded cocoa 1ha

11. Large-scale cocoa-carbon issues Carbon stores in forest and cocoa farming systems in Ghana are roughly equivalent Intensifying cocoa production would reduce the carbon stores in cocoa farming systems by about 50%

12. Cocoa-carbon possibilities Afforestation/Reforestation 1.Restoring shaded cocoa farming systems to former or abandoned cocoa growing areas 2.Increasing tree cover in intensive cocoa growing areas

13. Cocoa-carbon possibilities REDD 1.Avoided deforestation caused by conversion to cocoa farming 2.Avoided forest degradation caused by the intensification of cocoa farming

14. Concluding Remarks Cocoa and carbon in Ghana are inextricably linked – Cocoa farming systems are an important carbon store – Changes in cocoa farming systems could significantly increase or reduce GHG emissions Significant opportunity to develop cocoa-carbon projects in Ghana