1. 1.Africa’s savannas _________________________. 2.Used in trade caravans across the desert, camels were nicknamed ______________. 3.What great warrior king, called “Lion Prince,” seized Ghana in 1240? _____________________ 4.African rain forest kingdoms were _____________ by the dense forest growth. 5.The great trading center of Zimbabwe supplied ______________ to the East African coast.

2. The Rise of African Civilizations Africa’s geography influenced the rise of its civilizations. The growth of trade led to the exchange of goods and ideas.

4. Africa’s Geography Worlds 2 nd largest content. 10% of the land is covered by rainforest. Most of Africa lies in the tropics. Deserts: Sahara to the North & Kalahari to the south. Northwest and South have areas good for farming. Plateau – an area of high flat land.

5. Rise of Ghana Rise of Songhai Rise of Mali

6. Rise of Ghana Rise of Songhai Rise of Mali A.D. 400’s - Rose to power. A crossroads of trade. Ghana knew how to make iron weapons. Built a huge army. 200,000 men at any time. Collected taxes on salt and gold from traders

7. Rise of Ghana Rise of Songhai Rise of Mali A.D. 400’s - Rose to power. A crossroads of trade. Ghana knew how to make iron weapons. Built a huge army. 200,000 men at any time. Collected taxes on salt and gold from traders A. D. 1200’s Sundiata Keita – 1230 – 1255 – 1 st King 1240 – seized the capital of Ghana. His conquest put Mali in control of gold mining areas, allowing him to rebuild the gold and salt trade.

8. Rise of Ghana Rise of Songhai Rise of Mali A.D. 400’s - Rose to power. A crossroads of trade. Ghana knew how to make iron weapons. Built a huge army. 200,000 men at any time. Collected taxes on salt and gold from traders A. D. 1200’s Sundiata Keita – 1230 – 1255 – 1 st King 1240 – seized the capital of Ghana. His conquest put Mali in control of gold mining areas, allowing him to rebuild the gold and salt trade. 1468 – Sunni Ali – stormed into Timbuktu and drove out the Berbers. Ordered war canoes to seize the Niger River. Took over salt mines in the Sahara. Lasted almost 100 years. An army from the Arab kingdom of Morocco defeated the Songhai with guns, cannons, and gunpowder.

10. The Rise of Axum Subtopics Costal City-States Great Zimbabwe

11. 1.Africa’s savannas _________________________. 2.Used in trade caravans across the desert, camels were nicknamed ______________. 3.What great warrior king, called “Lion Prince,” seized Ghana in 1240? _____________________ 4.African rain forest kingdoms were _____________ by the dense forest growth. 5.The great trading center of Zimbabwe supplied ______________ to the East African coast.

12. A Vast & Diverse Continent The African Plateau Subtopics

13. Rise of Ghana A.D. 400’s - Rose to power. A crossroads of trade. Ghana knew how to make iron weapons. Built a huge army. 200,000 men at any time. Collected taxes on salt and gold from traders

14. Rise of Mali A. D. 1200’s Sundiata Keita – 1230 – 1255 – 1 st King 1240 – seized the capital of Ghana. His conquest put Mali in control of gold mining areas, allowing him to rebuild the gold and salt trade.

15. Rise of Songhai 1468 – Sunni Ali – stormed into Timbuktu and drove out the Berbers. Ordered war canoes to seize the Niger River. Took over salt mines in the Sahara. Lasted almost 100 years. An army from the Arab kingdom of Morocco defeated the Songhai with guns, cannons, and gunpowder.

16. East Africa Axum – due to it’s location on the Red Sea it served as a trading center for the Mediterranean and East Asian Worlds. East Africa City States developed a network of trading ports along the coast and became major links in an Indian Ocean. They traded with places as far away as China. Zimbabwe – A.D. 700 – supplied gold, copper & ivory to Arabia, Persia, India, and China.

17. Conclusion Items that were traded in the kingdoms of West Africa were Salt and Cloth in the North for Gold and Ivory in the West. Mogadishu, Mombasa, Zanzibar, Kilwa were successful because they were part of the Indian Ocean trading network. Ghana, Songhai, Benin, Kongo, Kush, Great Zimbabwe developed away from the coast. Their economies were based on control of trade routes, food surpluses, & goods from interior Africa.