1. 12 Nov 2008 Princess of Monaco Actress Academy Award Winner Grace Kelly 1929- 14 Sept. 1982

2. Grace Kelly Grace Patricia Kelly (later Grace, Princess of Monaco; November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982) was an Academy Award-winning American film and stage actress and fashion icon. Upon marrying Rainier III, Prince of Monaco in 1956, she became Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco, but was generally known as Princess Grace of Monaco. Princess Grace maintained dual American and Monegasque citizenship after her marriage. The principality's current Sovereign Prince, Albert II, is the son of Prince Rainier and Princess Grace. The American Film Institute ranked Kelly #13 amongst the Greatest Female Stars of All Time. Kelly headed the U.S. delegation at the Cannes Film Festival in April 1955. While there, she was invited to participate in a photo session at the Palace of Monaco with Prince Rainier III, the ruling sovereign of the principality. After a series of delays and complications, Kelly met the prince in Monaco. Upon returning to America, Kelly began work on The Swan, in which she coincidentally portrayed a princess. Meanwhile, she was privately beginning a correspondence with Rainier. In December, Rainier came to America on a trip officially designated as a tour, although it was speculated that Rainier was actively seeking a wife. A 1918 treaty with France stated that if Rainier did not produce an heir, Monaco would revert to France. At a press conference in the United States, Rainier was asked if he was pursuing a wife, to which he answered "No." A second question was posed, asking, "If you were pursuing a wife, what kind would you like?" Rainier smiled and answered, "I don't know— the best." Rainier met with Kelly and her family, and after three days, the prince proposed. Kelly accepted and the families began preparing for what the press called "The Wedding of the Century." The religious wedding was set for April 19, 1956. News of the engagement was a sensation even though it meant the possible end to Kelly's film career. Industry professionals realized that it would have been impractical for her to continue acting and wished her well. Alfred Hitchcock had quipped that he was, "very happy that Grace has found herself such a good part."

8. Today Raising Taxes Taxation without Representation The Stamp Act

9. Life After the 7 Years War Britain had won the French and Indian War, but Parliament still had to pay for it. In addition, Britain kept an army in North America to protect colonists from Native American Attacks. To help pay for this standing army, Prime Minister George Grenville asked Parliament to tax the colonists.

10. Sugar Act In 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act, this law set duties, or taxes on molasses and sugar imported by colonists. It was the 1st act passed specifically to raise money in the colonies, rather than regulate trade.

11. No Money, Mo Problems In addition to passing new taxes, the British would not let the colonies print their own money. Parliament also made life much harder for smugglers by giving the vice- admiralty courts greater powers. These courts had no juries and their judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty until proven innocent. What are the advantages to printing your own money? Brainstorm some ideas in your notebook

12. Taxation with Representation Parliament’s actions upset many colonists who had grown used to being independent. Merchants thought the taxes were unfair and hurt business.

13. James Otis James Otis, a lawyer from Boston, was one of the first colonists to protest taxation by Parliament. Otis Argued that parliament could not “take from any man any part of his property, without his consent in person or by representation” No one in Britain had asked the colonists if they wanted to be taxed.

14. No Representation in Parliament The colonists had no direct representatives in Parliament. In addition, colonial assemblies had little influence on Parliament’s decisions. Therefore, Otis said, the tax was unfair and violated colonists’ rights. If you were a colonist what action(s) would you take to fight this injustice?

15. No Taxation without Representation At a Boston town meeting in May 1764, leader Samuel Adams agreed with Otis. He believed that Parliament could not tax the colonists without their consent and said that agreeing to the tax would be dangerous. The ideas of Otis and Adams helped spread the slogan “No Taxation without Representation.”

16. Early Rumblings By early 1765 Prime Minister Grenville had heard the complaints about the Sugar Act. He asked the colonists if they had a better plan for paying their share for the military costs. Some colonists suggested taxing themselves, but Grenville rejected the idea.

17. Stamp Act Grenville proposed the Stamp Act, which Parliament passed. The act affected most colonists. It required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, whenever they bought paper items. The tax had to be paid on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and even playing cards. Colonists who refused to buy the stamps could be fined or sent to jail.

18. Protesting in the Colonies Grenville thought this tax was fair. The colonists saw it differently. Protests against the Stamp Act began almost immediately.

19. Sons of Liberty Colonists formed secret societies called the Sons of Liberty to deal with the unfair Stamp Act. Samuel Adams helped organize the Sons of Liberty in Boston. They sometimes used violence to frighten tax collectors. Many colonial courts shut down because people refused to buy the stamps required for legal documents. Businesses openly ignored the law by refusing to buy stamps.

20. Patrick Henry In May 1765 Patrick Henry presented a series of resolutions to the House of Burgesses in Virginia. These resolutions stated that the Stamp Act violated the rights of the colonists as British citizens. In addition to taxation w/o representation, the Stamp Act denied the accused a trial by jury.

21. Treason!! The leader of the House, John Robinson, interrupted Henry’s Speech by crying “Treason! Treason!” “If this be treason,” replied Henry, “make the most of it!” Henry’s speech convinced the assembly to support some of his ideas.