1. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 NOAA Operational Geostationary Sea Surface Temperature Products from NOAA and non-NOAA Satellites Eileen Maturi 1 (GOVERNMENT PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR), Andy Harris 2, Jonathan Mittaz 2, Christopher Merchant 3, Wen Meng 4 1NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, 2 CICS/ESSIC University of Maryland, 3 University of Edinburgh, 4 Perot Systems Requirement: Generate SST environmental data records from geostationary satellites NOAA and non-NOAA imaging instruments to meet user needs 1) to manage marine ecosystems and forecast their future state 2) determine the impact of sea surface temperatures on the current state of biodiversity in the oceans, and how to use our oceans and coasts 3) the impact of climate variability and change on the marine ecosystems 4) analyze and predict ocean processes Science: Can sea surface temperatures be generated from geostationary platforms with the same accuracy as polar-orbiting platforms? Benefit: NOAA’s MISSION GOALS ecosystems Forecasting ecosystems events Developing integrated ecosystem assessments and scenarios, and building capacity to support regional management weather and water Improve NOAA’s understanding and forecast capability in coasts, estuaries, and oceans climate Understand impacts of climate variability and change on marine ecosystems to improve management of marine ecosystems Science Challenges: Adjust errors in retrievals due to calibration errors while waiting for the calibration corrections to be implemented. Next Steps: Continue to improve geostationary SST retrieval methodology: Physical Retrieval, Aerosol corrections, diurnal warming estimates. Transition Path: Through the SPSRB process implement the physical retrieval methodology, the aerosol corrections and diurnal warming estimates into the current geostationary operational system. The CoastWatch/OceanWatch, NWS, NMFS, GHRSST, WMO, Coral Reef Watch access the current geostationary operational system. RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS The derivations for each satellite consist of two steps: 1) cloud detection using a Bayesian Probabilistic Cloud Mask; and 2) application of a radiative transfer based linear regression SST retrieval. A new physical retrieval algorithm is being tested for implementation in the 2010. Geostationary SST Product Coverage SUMMARY In December 2000, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) began providing operational geostationary satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) measurements for the entire Western Hemisphere. Currently, NOAA’s Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution (OSDPD) generates operational SST retrievals from GOES-11 and 12 satellites as well as from the Japanese Multi-function Transport Satellite (MTSAT-1R) and the European Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. The satellites are situated at longitudes 135° W, 75° W, 0° and 140° E respectively, making it possible to acquire high temporal SST retrievals with Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) SST - like quality for most of the tropical mid-latitudes (excluding 60 to 80 degrees east longitude). The operational data products include regional hourly and 3-hourly hemispheric imagery, 24 hour merged composites, SST Level 2 preprocessed (L2P) products (GOES-SST every 1/2 hour for each hemisphere,MTSAT-1R SST L2P full disk every hour, MSG-SST L2P full disk every half-hour), a match-up data file for each product and an 11 km global multi-SST analysis (NOAA-19, MetOp-A, GOES-E/W, MTSAT-1R and MSG SSTs). GOES-SST Level 2 Pre-processed Sea Surface Temperature Products Regression-based SST retrievalPhysically-based SST retrieval VALIDATION All SST retrievals are validated in relation to the drifting and fixed buoys and the Reynolds OISST analysis. An automated validation system exists to quality control the SST retrievals and uses the operational match up file as an input to calculate the number of matches, maximum bias, mean bias on daily, weekly, and monthly timescales. An further SST reprocessing system for quality control is part of the validation system to test and regenerate all SST products when a retrieval error is discovered or a new component of the algorithm requires testing 11 km global multi-SST analysis (NOAA-19, MetOp-A, GOES-E/W, MTSAT-1R and MSG SSTs) SST BIAS STANDARD DEVIATION WIND SPEED PROXIMITY CONFIDENCE SURFACE SOLAR IRRADIANCE AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH Level-2 preprocessed – SST retrievals are put into a standard format and ancillary information is added, including environmental conditions and retrieval errors. The current GOES-SSTL2P product is generated every ½ hour for GOES-E & W, N & S sectors and the netcdf product file has 22 parameters for each pixel: SST, time, latitude, longitude, satellite zenith angle, aerosol optical depth, surface solar irradiance, wind speed, Uncertainty estimates (bias and S.D.), Proximity Confidence Value, QC flags (including cloud and land), Ice concentration, Deviation from analysis SST, Temporal coincidences of ancillary data c.f. SST observation, Source codes for ancillary data, Probability of clear-sky (Bayesian cloud mask). Similar SST Level-2P products are produced for MTSAT and MSG. The image is a 24 hour merged composite of the Operational geostationary SST products generated by NOAA for the period 26-27 August 2007. This Image consists of GOES-W (11), GOES-E (12), Meteosat-9, a gap, and MTSAT-1R data. GOES-W GOES-E Meteosat-9 {gap} MT-SAT 1R